a skeleton crew/staff, family skeleton

 Two skeletons found in Montana by commercial fossil hunters are to be auctioned in New York, where they could bring an estimated $7 million to $9 million.




family skeleton 家醜不可外揚
idiom:

skeleton in (one's) closet

1. A source of shame or disgrace, as in a family, that is kept secret.

Mr. Takeuchi and others in the online media point to a number of reasons the sites have failed, beginning with advertising revenues that are too low to support even a skeleton newsroom staff.

MF Global Lays Off Vast Majority of Broker-Dealer Employees The court-appointed trustee overseeing the liquidation of MF Global's broker-dealer unit laid off 1,066 employees on Friday, keeping only a skeleton staff to assist in the dissolution of the business.

在西方，以「頭顱骨」(skull，他們從中世紀才有這樣死神代表物說法。17世紀的墓葬雕塑，有時用骷髏skeleton代之) 的冥想「無常」為主，譬如說，耶蘇會的神修。代表老年。肖像畫中的它表示虔敬……。四種氣質中代表「憂鬱」。http://hccart.blogspot.tw/2013/07/dictionary-of-subjects-and-symbols-in.html

skeleton
n.

1. 1. The internal structure composed of bone and cartilage that protects and supports the soft organs, tissues, and other parts of a vertebrate organism; endoskeleton.
   2. The hard external supporting and protecting structure in many invertebrates, such as mollusks and crustaceans, and certain vertebrates, such as turtles; exoskeleton.
2. A supporting structure or framework, as of a building.
3. An outline or sketch.
4. Something reduced to its basic or minimal parts.
5. One that is very thin or emaciated.

adj.

1. Of, relating to, or resembling a skeleton.
2. Reduced to the basic or minimal parts or members: a skeleton crew.

fatigues, turbans, mitre, mitral

Anterior (frontal) view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate normal blood flow. (Mitral valve labeled at center right.)

Ryan Remiorz/CP, via Associated Press

Canadian Soccer Rift Grows Over Turbans

By SAM BORDEN and IAN AUSTEN 8:20 PM ET

The Quebec Soccer Federation refused to comply with a national directive permitting players to wear turbans. Aneel Samra, above, says he won’t play this year.

It is very characteristic for this pope that he refused to cover his head with the golden miter after his election. He said: “Carnival is over, I don't want this.”

mitre ：禮帽；主教帽；牧冠；法冠；制帽：教會高級聖職人士行聖儀時所戴用的禮冠。拉丁文稱作 mitra 。

The mitre ( /ˈmaɪtər/; Greek: μίτρα, "headband" or "turban"), also spelled miter, is a type of headwear now known as the traditional, ceremonial head-dress of bishops and certain abbots in the Roman Catholic Church, as well as in the Anglican Communion, some Lutheran churches, and also bishops and certain other clergy in the Eastern Orthodox churches, Eastern Catholic Churches and the Oriental Orthodox Churches.

This article is about religious headgear. For other uses, see Mitre (disambiguation).

An unembellished Western mitre with gold lappets.

Bishops of the Armenian Catholic Church in Jerusalem wearing mitres.

mitre ：禮帽；主教帽；牧冠；法冠；制帽：教會高級聖職人士行聖儀時所戴用的禮冠。拉丁文稱作 mitra 。

Over two days, more than a hundred people — Christians, Jews, housewives, naval officers, professors; people outfitted in everything from business suits to military fatigues to turbans to baseball caps — streamed through the halls of the William B. Travis Building in Austin, Tex., waiting for a chance to stand before the semicircle of 15 high-backed chairs whose occupants made up the Texas State Board of Education. Each petitioner had three minutes to say his or her piece.

Yemenite Jew in the early 20th century wearing keffiyeh wrapped like a turban.

fatigue
━━ n. 疲労; 労役; 【機】金属疲労 （metal fatigue）; 【軍】雑役(えき) （fatigue duty）; 【軍】（pl.） 作業衣 （fatigue uniform）.
━━ vt. 疲れさせる.
━━ vi. 疲れる.
fatigue allowance　疲労許容時間率 ((疲労による作業遅滞の時間幅)).
fatigue party　【軍】雑役班.

nigh, well-nigh, apocalyptic, term of office

Despite calling Brown's term as prime minister a "disaster," Blair said preventing Brown's ascension to the office was "well-nigh impossible."

On March 31, 1968, President Johnson stunned the country by announcing he would not run for another term of office.

a well-nigh apocalyptic vision,
after all nigh

 Google Driverless Toyota Prius Hits the Road in Nevada
eWeek
Google's driverless car has been approved for a license, the first of its kind issued, to be tested on the roads of Nevada. Terminator fans rejoice: The machines are winning, and Judgment Day draws nigh. Maybe not quite yet, but Nevada took the nation ...

apocalyptic

Pronunciation: /əpɒkəˈlɪptɪk/

Translate apocalyptic | into Italian

adjective

• describing or prophesying the complete destruction of the world:the apocalyptic visions of ecologists
• momentous or catastrophic:the struggle between the two countries is assuming apocalyptic proportions
• of or resembling the biblical Apocalypse:apocalyptic imagery

Derivatives

apocalyptically

adverb

Origin:

early 17th century (as a noun denoting the writer of the Apocalypse, St John): from Greek apokaluptikos, from apokaluptein 'uncover' (see apocalypse)

nigh

Pronunciation: /nʌɪ/

adverb , preposition , & adjective

• 1 archaic or literary near: [as adjective]:the end is nigh [as adverb]:they drew nigh unto the city

• 2almost: [as adverb]:a car weighing nigh on two tons

Origin:

Old English nēh, nēah, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch na, German nah. Compare with near

well-nigh
(wĕl'nī')
adv.
Nearly; almost.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; `near' is sometimes used informally for `nearly' and `most' is sometimes used informally for `almost'
Synonyms: about, just about, almost, most, all but, nearly, near, nigh, virtually

exceptions, grantor, take exception, mandate, usurp

QUOTATION OF THE DAY

"There's not an action that I take that you don't have some folks in Congress who say that I'm usurping my authority. Some of those folks think I usurp my authority by having the gall to win the presidency."

PRESIDENT OBAMA, in an interview with The New York Times.



The name of Burma's then capital, Rangoon, also became Myanmar's center of power, Yanyon - later usurped by a new capital, Naypyidaw, built at the behest of the generals.
However, Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy has taken exception to the renaming, saying that the regime had no mandate to make such a change.




exceptions
Something that otherwise ought to be included in the category from which it is eliminated. 157 F. 2d 661, 665. "Exceptions" arise in numerous contexts. statutory exceptions are intended to restrain the enacting clause or to exclude something which would otherwise be within it, or to modify it in some manner. 102 P. 2d 251, 256.
An "exception" to a court's ruling is an objection to such ruling or the calling of an error to the attention of the court in some manner. 168 N.E. 2d 285, 287.
"Exception" is also generally used as a term meaning to withhold from a conveyance of land an estate or interest which has previously been severed and which is usually not owned by the grantor. 506 P. 2d 1236, 1238.

usurp

Pronunciation: /jʊˈzəːp, jʊˈsəːp/

Translate usurp | into German | into Italian | into Spanish

verb

[with object]

• take (a position of power or importance) illegally or by force:Richard usurped the throne
• take the place of (someone in a position of power) illegally; supplant:the Hanoverian dynasty had usurped the Stuarts
• [no object] (usurp on/upon) archaic encroach or infringe upon (someone’s rights):the Church had usurped upon the domain of the state

Derivatives

usurpation

Pronunciation: /ˌjuːzəˈpeɪʃ(ə)n, ˌjuːs-/

noun

usurper

noun

Origin:

Middle English (in the sense 'appropriate a right wrongfully'): from Old French usurper, from Latin usurpare 'seize for use'

exception
[名][U][C]

1 例外, 除外(exclusion)

with the exception of ...
… を除いて

without exception
例 外なく.

2 [C]（…の）除外例, 例外, 特例((to ...))

an exception to a rule
規 則の例外

make an exception of ［for］ ...
…を例外［特別扱い］とする

make no exception(s) of ［for］ ...
…を例外としない, 特別扱いしない

The exception proves the rule.
((ことわざ)) 例外のあるのは規則のある証拠.

3 異議, 反対, 不服, 苦情；《法律》異議（申し立て）, 異議留保

a statement liable to exception
異議の起こりそうな発言.

take exception

(1) （…に）異議を申し立てる, 苦情を言う((to, against ...))

He took exception to my ideas on politics.
彼は私の政治についての考えに異議を唱えた.

(2) （…に）腹を立てる, 怒る((to, at ...)).
 Disagree with, object to, as in I take exception to that remark about unfair practices. This idiom, first recorded in 1542, uses exception in the sense of "objection," a meaning obsolete except in a few phrases.

grantor

• 〔rǽntr | rnt〕

[名]《法律》譲

mandate[man・date]

• レベル：大学入試程度
• 発音記号[mǽndeit]

[名]

1 （選挙によって議員・行政府に与えられる）（…する）為政権((to do)).

2 （権力者・上級裁判所［官吏］からの）指令（書）, 命令（書）, 勅令.

3 [U][C]（国際連盟による）委任統治（領, 植民地）.

4 《カトリック》（教皇の）聖職叙任権, 命令権.

━━[動](他)

1 〈領土・植民地などの〉統治を委任する.

2 ((主に米))((しばしば受身))…するよう（公式に）命じる((to do))；〈権能を〉負託する.

［ラテン語mandātum （manus手＋dare与える＋-tum＝手の中に与えること）. △MANUAL, DATE¹］

self'-support, faint talent, recollect, to the best of my recollection

Again, the newspapers last year printed proposals to 
construct a Wagner Opera House, to cost, if I recollect 
rightly, ; 100,000 about as much as a hundred labourers 
may earn by fifteen or twenty years hard work.

a faint talent for painting...
....by the time she was self-supporting she had nearly forgotten her father, and her mother was dying


self'-support
(sĕlf'sə-pôrt', -pōrt')
n.
The act of or capacity for supporting oneself, especially financially, without the help of others.

self-supported self'-sup·port'ed or self'-sup·port'ing adj.





faint
adj., faint·er, faint·est.

1. Lacking strength or vigor; feeble.
2. Lacking conviction, boldness, or courage; timid.
3. 1. Lacking brightness: a faint light in the gloom.
   2. Lacking clarity or distinctness: a faint recollection.
4. Likely to fall into a faint; dizzy and weak: felt faint for a moment.

[形]

1 〈色・音・光が〉ぼんやりした, ほのかな；〈考えなどが〉はっきりしない；弱い

a faint odor of gas
かすかなガスのにおい

faint lines
（用紙の）薄けい線.

2 〈息などが〉弱々しい, わずかな, かすかな；気の乗らない, 心のこもらない, 熱意のない

a faint effort
形ばかりの努力

with faint hope
かすかな望みを持って.

3 ((叙述))〈人が〉（…で）気を失いそうな, ふらふらして, 疲れきって((with ...))

feel faint with hunger
空腹で目がかすむ

He felt suddenly faint.
突然気を失いそうになった.

4 ((文))気の弱い

Faint heart never won fair lady.
((ことわざ)) 弱気が美人を得たためしはない.

━━(自)

1 （一時的に）気が遠くなる, 気絶する((away))

faint with ［from］ hunger
空腹で気を失う.

2 ((古))弱る, 気がくじける.

3 ((古))〈音などが〉かすかになる.

━━[名]((通例a 〜))気絶, 失神

in a dead faint
気絶して, 気を失って

fall (down) ［go off］ in a faint
気を失う.

faint・ish

[形]

faint・ness

[名][U]気の弱さ；微弱；失神.

recollect 1

Pronunciation: /ˌrɛkəˈlɛkt/

verb

[with object]

• remember (something); call to mind:he could not quite recollect the reason ‘Can you recollect how he reacted?’

Origin:

early 16th century (in the sense 'gather'): from Latin recollect- 'gathered back', from the verb recolligere, from re- 'back' + colligere 'collect'

recollection

Pronunciation: /ˌrɛkəˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/

noun

[mass noun]

• the action or faculty of remembering or recollecting something:to the best of my recollection no one ever had a bad word to say about him
• [count noun] a thing recollected; a memory:a biography based on his wife’s recollections

Derivatives

recollective

adjective

Origin:

late 16th century (denoting the action of gathering things together again): from French or medieval Latin recollectio(n-), from the verb recolligere 'gather again' (see recollect¹)

sacrum, sacral, sanctum, curve, take a curve

 Benson was warmly welcomed into The Beatles’ inner sanctum, resulting in some of the most intimate photographs ever taken of the band, then on the cusp of world domination.

Spanish Train Inquiry Looks at Driver After 80 Die

By SILVIA TAULÉS and DOREEN CARVAJAL 3:45 PM ET

Rescuers were picking through debris after a train, which some reports said was traveling at excessive speed, tumbled while taking a curve.

sanctum[sanc・tum]

• 発音記号[sǽŋktəm]

[名]（複 〜s, -ta 〔-t〕）

1 神聖な場所, 聖所.

2 （だれの干渉も受けない）私室, 書斎.
sacral
1. adj. - 宗教典儀或活動的
2. adj. - 祭典的, 薦骨的, 聖禮的
日本語 (Japanese) adj. - 仙骨の, 聖礼の, 聖式の, 神聖なn. - 仙椎, 仙骨神経

Bone: Sacrum

Sacrum, pelvic surface

Image of pelvis. Sacrum is in center.
Latin
os sacrum
Gray's
subject #24 106
MeSH
Sacrum
In vertebrate anatomy the sacrum is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. Its upper part connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and bottom part with the coccyx (tailbone). In children, it consists of usually five unfused vertebrae which begin to fuse between ages 16–18 and are usually completely fused into a single bone by age 26.
It is curved upon itself and placed obliquely (that is, tilted forward). It is kyphotic — that is, concave facing forwards. The base projects forward as the sacral promontory internally, and articulates with the last lumbar vertebra to form the prominent sacrovertebral angle. The central part is curved outward towards the posterior, allowing greater room for the pelvic cavity.
Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 Parts
3 Articulations
4 Sexual dimorphism
5 Variations
6 Additional images
7 See also
8 External links
9 References
//
Etymology
The name is derived from the Latin sacer, "sacred", a translation of the Greek hieron (osteon), meaning sacred or strong bone.[1] Since the sacrum is the seat of the organs of procreation, animal sacrums were offered in sacrifices. In Slavic languages and in German this bone is called the "cross bone".[2]

curve

Pronunciation: /kəːv/

Translate curve | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish

noun

• a line or outline which gradually deviates from being straight for some or all of its length:the parapet wall sweeps down in a bold curve
• North American a place where a road deviates from a straight path:the vehicle rounded a curve
• (curves) a curving contour of a woman’s figure: her dress twisted tightly round her generous curves
• a line on a graph (whether straight or curved) showing how one quantity varies with respect to another:the population curve
• Baseballanother term for curveball.he relies on a couple of curves and a modest fastball

verb

• form or cause to form a curve: [no object]:her mouth curved in a smile [with object]:starting with arms outstretched, curve the body sideways

Phrases

ahead of (or behind) the curve

(especially of a business or politician) ahead of (or lagging behind) current thinking or trends:we are continually looking for ways to stay ahead of the curve and provide added value to our consumers

throw someone a curve

North American informalanother way of saying throw someone a curveball.just when you think you have this parenting thing down pat, they throw you a curve

Origin:

late Middle English: from Latin curvare 'to bend', from curvus 'bent'. The noun dates from the late 17th century

パラペット【parapet】

1. １ 建物の屋上、テラスのへり、橋梁の両側などに設け、人の落下を防ぐ手すり・勾欄 (こうらん) 。

1. ２ 城郭などに設けた防御用胸壁 (きょうへき) 。

digress, divagate, get down to, pernicious and desultory regulators

Destroyed by pernicious and desultory regulators. That's one epitaph for consumer-lending giant Takefuji, which Tuesday filed for bankruptcy.


 I try not to digress too much during my lectures, but I am not always successful at avoiding tangential topics.

In Colorado, Getting Down to Business of Marijuana

By DAN FROSCH

Six weeks after voters made Colorado one of two states to legalize the recreational use of marijuana, a task force started to determine how the state will regulate its use.

Finally, a Motel for Tail-Wagging Romance

By SIMON ROMERO

Brazil’s newest short-stay pleasure palace stands apart from the crowd in one crucial aspect. It is for dogs.

I, too, wrote a column at that time about the derivation of keister - a borrowing, through Yiddish, of the German Kiste, "chest" - with its original meaning of "satchel, handbag" and its current meaning of "fanny, rump, bottom, tush, can, buttocks, backside" as well as the British "bum" and the French "derrière." (The bureaucratic cognoscenti prefer "posterior," as in the initialese slogan C.Y.A., meaning "cover your posterior." The "a" stands for a synonym not permitted in The Times, as an admiring salute to a diktat by the former executive editor, A.M. Rosenthal, who thought it was in bad taste and boldly asserted his stylistic prerogative. But I divagate.)

get down to bedrock

get down to business

音節

get ［come］ down to business

本気で仕事にかかる；本論にはいる.

Finally, a Motel for Tail-Wagging Romance

By SIMON ROMERO

Brazil’s newest short-stay pleasure palace stands apart from the crowd in one crucial aspect. It is for dogs.

apart from ...[apart from ...]

(1) …は別として, はさておき（((米))aside from）. ⇒EXCEPT[類語]

Apart from its cost, the plan was a good one.
費用の点を除けば, その計画は申し分なかった.
(2) …のほかに

Who else went there apart from you？
あなたの他にだれがそこに行ったの.
(3) ⇒[副]2

divagate
[dáivəgèit]

[動](自)さまよう；〈話が〉わき道にそれる, 脱線する.

intr.v., -gat·ed, -gat·ing, -gates.

1. To wander or drift about.
2. To ramble; digress.

[Late Latin dīvagārī, dīvagāt- : Latin dī-, dis-, apart; see dis- + Latin vagārī, to wander (from vagus, wandering).]

divagation di'va·ga'tion n.

真相をきわめる；((米俗))底をつく, 一文無しになる.

get down to business

本気で仕事にかかる；本論にはいる.

come down to cases

((米))(1) 要点にはいる.(2) 真剣に事を考える.

get down to the nitty-gritty

核心をえぐる.

digress

Pronunciation: /dʌɪˈgrɛs/

Translate digress | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish

verb

[no object]

• leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing:I have digressed a little from my original plan

Derivatives

digresser

noun

Origin:

early 16th century: from Latin digress- 'stepped away', from the verb digredi, from di- 'aside' + gradi 'to walk'

des·ul·to·ry (dĕs'əl-tôr'ē, -tōr'ē, dĕz'-)
adj.

1. Having no set plan; haphazard or random. See synonyms at chance.
2. Moving or jumping from one thing to another; disconnected: a desultory speech.

[Latin dēsultōrius, leaping, from dēsultor, a leaper, from dēsultus, past participle of dēsilīre, to leap down : dē-, de- + salīre, to jump.]

desultorily des'ul·to'ri·ly adv.
desultoriness des'ul·to'ri·ness n.

adjective:
1. Marked by absence of a plan; disconnected; jumping from one thing to another.
2. Digressing from the main subject; random.

Etymology
From Latin desultorius (leaping, pertaining to a circus rider who jumps from one horse to another), from desilire (to leap down), from salire (to jump). Other words derived from the same Latin root, salire, are sally, somersault, insult, result, saute, salient, and saltant. Earliest documented use: 1581.

Usage
"Anyway, here we are with our little burgers and cokes, making the sort of desultory conversation that those who have been married 30 years make -- when this newly married couple walk in." — Bikram Vohra; Love is the Last Bite; Khaleej Times (Dubai, United Arab Emirates); Apr 16, 2011.

per·ni·cious (pər-nĭsh'əs)
adj.

1. 1. Tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly: a pernicious virus.
   2. Causing great harm; destructive: pernicious rumors.
2. Archaic. Evil; wicked.

[Middle English, from Old French pernicios, from Latin perniciōsus, from perniciēs, destruction : per-, per- + nex, nec-, violent death.]

perniciously per·ni'cious·ly adv.
perniciousness per·ni'cious·ness n.

motto, concordance/ Concord, scholasticism

1.《李賀詩引得（A concordance to the poems of Li Ho）》，艾文博（Robert L. Irick），蕭繼宗譯，台北：美國亞洲協會中文研究資料中心，1967年；台北：成文出版社，1967年。
協和
Concordia passengers, experts dissect cruise ship disaster

CBC.ca‎ - 47 minutes ago

The dangerous manoeuvre that caused the Costa Concordia cruise ship to crash into rocks off the shore of the Italian island of Giglio last month was likely ...已廢的英法共同開發的飛機協和號Concord
協和號火車(中國) harmony

concordance

• [kɑnkɔ'ːrdns | kən-]

(kən-kôr'dns)
n.

1. Agreement; concord.
2. An alphabetical index of all the words in a text or corpus of texts, showing every contextual occurrence of a word: a concordance of Shakespeare's works.
3. Genetics. The presence of a given trait in both members of a pair of twins.

[名]

1 [U]一致；和合, 調和

in concordance with ...
…に従って［一致して］；…と調和して.

2 （本・作品などの）用語索引, コンコーダンス((to ...))

concordance to the Bible
聖書索引.

3 [U]《遺伝学》一致：特定の特質が双生児の両方に現れていること.

Quote: "The truth in its proper use."

— The Wall Street Journal's founding motto

The Latin motto of the Royal Society, Nullius in verba, translates as "On the words of no one", or "take nobody's word for it". The full quotation from Horace is Nullius addictus judicare in verba magistri which means "Not compelled to swear to any master's words". This is interpreted by the Society as "an expression of the determination of the Fellows to withstand the domination of authority (such as in Scholasticism) and to verify all statements by an appeal to facts determined by experiment".^[5] At its foundation, the philosophical basis of the Royal Society differed from previous philosophies such as Scholasticism, which established scientific truth based on deductive logic, concordance with divine providence and the citation of such ancient authorities as Aristotle. In fact, it represented the final triumph of the vision of the thirteenth-century friar Roger Bacon, who had fought scholastic authorities in an attempt to establish such a repository of learning.
Quote:

"Non Sibi Sed Patriae (Not for self, but for country)" — US Navy motto, inscribed over the chapel doors at the US Naval Academy

Title	Gothic architecture and scholasticism
Author	Erwin Panofsky
Contributor	Erwin Panofsky
Publisher	New American Library, 1976

scholasticism

Pronunciation: /skəˈlastɪˌsɪz(ə)m/

noun

[mass noun]

• the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities, based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Christian Fathers and emphasizing tradition and dogma.
• narrow-minded insistence on traditional doctrine: an absorption in the past without a hint of scholasticism

motto
n., pl. -toes or -tos.

1. A brief statement used to express a principle, goal, or ideal. See synonyms at saying.
2. A sentence, phrase, or word of appropriate character inscribed on or attached to an object.
3. A maxim adopted as a guide to one's conduct.

[Italian, word, motto, probably from Vulgar Latin *mōttum, word. See mot.]

━━ n. （pl. 〜(e)s） （盾などに刻んだ）銘, 金言; 標語, モットー; （論文などの初めに引用した）題句; 【楽】反復楽句; 〔英〕 （包装などに記された）金言, 格言.

japanning box, "black boxes", japan,

Road Safety Agency Is Urged to Add Expertise in Electronics Systems

By BILL VLASIC

In its study, a branch of the National Academy of Sciences called on the N.H.T.S.A. to refine its investigative techniques and push for "black boxes" that record data in car crashes.

A Black Box for Car Crashes By JACLYN TROP Black boxes in cars can be used to identify safety problems and as evidence in traffic accidents and criminal cases, but also raise privacy concerns.

black box

Translate black box | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish

noun

• a flight recorder in an aircraft.
• informal a complex system or device whose internal workings are hidden or not readily understood.

japan
(jə-păn')
n.

1. A black enamel or lacquer used to produce a durable glossy finish.
2. An object decorated with this substance.

tr.v., -panned, -pan·ning, -pans.

1. To decorate with a black enamel or lacquer.
2. To coat with a glossy finish.

[名][U]漆；[C]漆器(japan ware).

━━[形]漆の；漆器の.

━━[動]（〜ned, 〜・ning）(他)…に漆を塗る. ⇒CHINA

ja・pan・ner

[名]漆工.

[After JAPAN.]

trade down, trade name, doubled down, periphery, tepid

Tepid Sale Adds to Spain's Woes

A weak auction of Spanish bonds pointed to a critical problem for Europe's troubled periphery: Who will buy its debt?

Permira Sifts for Bargains, Even in Europe's Periphery As competitors pull back from Europe, Kurt Björklund's private equity firm has doubled down on the region, picking through distressed companies from Dublin to Dubrovnik.

Since the start of 2010, Permira, one of the largest buyout specialists in Europe, has spent almost $6 billion, including acquisitions in debt-ridden countries like Spain and Ireland. The firm bought the call center operator Genesys from the Franco-American telecommunications company Alcatel-Lucent for $1.5 billion in early February.

"This is the right time to be staying in - not getting out of - the market," said Mr. Björklund, a co-managing partner at Permira, which has assets of 20 billion euros. "Europe is a complicated place to do business, but the outlook for investing is good."


Bubbles at a Discount for Consumers Trading Down
By DOREEN CARVAJAL
Conspicuous spending on luxury items like Champagne is not considered fashionable during a global recession.



【英】：trade name

商号を指す。商人が営業上において自己を表わす名称のこと。企業名、会社名、法人の名称である。
　同一市町村において同じ営業のためには同一の商号登記はできない（商業登記法二七条）。他人が不正目的で自己の商号を使用するときは差止めができる。商標と商号が同一名称である場合が多いが、フランチャイズ契約ではフランチャイズ本部が加盟店に使用許諾をするのは、本来「商標」であって「商号」ではない。フランチャイズ本部にとっては、契約上この区分はしておくべきであって、商号の使用許諾を行うと名板貸行為が発生するので注意を要する。　関連用語→商標、名板貸行為

しょうひょう しやうへう 0 【商標】

〔trade mark〕業として商品を生産・証明・譲渡する者、業として役務を提供・証明する者が、自己の取り扱う商品または役務を他人のそれと区別するために、自己の取り扱う商品または役務に使用する文字・図形・記号などの標章。トレード-マーク。役務の場合にはサービス-マークともいう。
trade down
Exchange for something of lower value or price, as in They bought a smaller boat, trading down for the sake of economy. Similarly, trade up means "make an exchange for something of higher value or price," as in They traded up to a larger house. [First half of 1900s]

[副]（最上級downmost）

1 （高い所から）低い所へ, 下（方）へ［に］, 下って, 降りて；階下へ［に］

come down
降りてくる

leave the blinds down
日よけを降ろしておく

Put down your load and rest.
荷物を降ろして休みなさい

The moon went down.
月は沈んだ.

2 地面［床］へ［に］；（川・海などの）底へ［に］

He fell down and cut his lip.
倒れてくちびるを切った

The ship went down with all on board.
船は乗船者もろとも沈んだ.

3 座って, 横になって, 身をかがめて, 低い姿勢に

sit ［lie］ down
座る［横になる］.

4 （身分・地位・評判などが）下がって

Negroes were kept down by racial discrimination.
黒人は人種差別によって抑圧されていた.

5 〈価格・率などが〉下がって；〈音量・調子が〉低くなって, 弱まって；〈風が〉静まって, おさまって；〈温度が〉下がって；〈潮が〉ひいて

Most stocks went down.
大半の株価が下がった

The August price level is down 5 percent ［＝5 percent down］ from July.
8月の物価水準は7月とくらべて5パーセント下落している

My temperature has come down.
体温が（平熱に）下がった（▼go downは平熱以下に下がること）

Turn down the radio.
ラジオの音を小さくしなさい.

6 〈濃度が〉より薄く, 〈強度が〉より弱く, 〈数量が〉より少なく, 〈大きさが〉より小さく［細かく］；〈速度が〉落ちて

water down wine
ワインを水で割って薄める

grind down corn
穀物をすりつぶす

slow down the car
車の速度を落とす.

7 下手(しもて)へ［に］；（都会から）地方へ［に］；（住宅地区から）商業地区［下町］へ（⇒DOWNTOWN）；（地図上で）低い位置へ［に］；((米))南へ［に］；((英))（大学から）卒業［帰省］して；（舞台の）前方へ［に］（⇒DOWNSTAGE）

go down home
（都市から）いなかへ行く

go down to the store
（商店街へ）買い物に行く

live down in Kentucky
（南の）ケンタッキー州に住む

He came down from Cambridge last month.
((英))先月ケンブリッジを卒業した（▼休暇の帰省にも用いる）. ⇒UP[副]5

8 （時代が）後期へ；後代に至るまで；（順序・序列の初めから）終わりへ；（上は…から）下は（…に）至るまで((from ... to ...))

from the Middle Ages down to the present
中世から現在に至るまで

from President (right) down to laborers
上は大統領から下は労働者に至るまで.

9 本気で, 身［本腰］を入れて, 積極的に, 精力的に

Now let's get down to work.
さあ, 仕事に取りかかろう.

10
(1) （紙に）書き留めて, （文書・名簿に）記録して

Write down what I say.
私の言うことを書き留めなさい

Is your name down on the list of speakers？
あなたの名前は演説者名簿に載っていますか.

(2) （予約申込・出場・役割分担などの）リストに名前が載って((for ...))

I'm down for the 100 meter race.
100メートル走にエントリーされている.

11 現金［即金］で, 頭金として（現金で）

I paid part of the price down.
一部を即金で払った.

12 倒れて, 臥(ふ)して；（人が）病臥(びょうが)して；（意気などが）沈んで

hiss ［hoot, shout］ a person down
人をやじり倒す

knock a person down
人を殴り倒す

be ［go］ down with a fever
熱を出して寝ている［寝込む］.

13 （のどを通って）腹の中へ［に］

drink down
飲み下す.

14 すっかり, まったく

wash down a car
車をすっかり洗う.

15 根源まで, 最後まで；実際にある所へ

track down a suspect
容疑者をつきとめる.

16 （主に新聞について）印刷に回されて［下ろして］.

17 《海事》風下へ

Put the helm down！
下手舵(したてかじ).

be down to a person

((略式))〈人に〉頼っている, 〈人の〉肩にかかっている

It's down to him to support his family.
家族の扶養は彼の肩にかかっている.

be down to ...

…しか残っていない

I'm down to my last dollar.
もう1ドルしか残っていない.

down and out

((略式))
(1) ノックアウトされて.
(2) 一文無しで, すっかり落ちぶれて.

down below

下の方（で）；((話・婉曲))あそこ（が）（▼陰部のこと）.

Down with ...！

((動詞を略し通例命令文))((話))
(1) …を地面［下］に降ろせ

Down with your guns！
銃を降ろせ.

(2) …をやっつけろ, ぶっつぶせ, 打倒せよ

Down with racism！
人種差別撤廃.

▼類例にAway with ...！, Out with ...！

━━[前]

1 …の下（方）へ［に］；（身分・地位などについて）…より低い方へ［に］

run down the stairs
階段を駆け降りる.

periphery[pe・riph・er・y]

• レベル：社会人必須
• 発音記号[pərífəri]

[名]

1 周辺, 外縁

be on the periphery of ...
…の周辺に位置している.

2 （物体の）表面；（問題の）皮相, 表面.

3 （神経・血管などの）末梢(まっしょう).