2022年10月27日 星期四

kangaroo court. miscarriage, overboard, go overboard.


I've met with Jimmy Lai. His conviction in a kangaroo court is a miscarriage of Justice.
And it shows how far China will go to hide the truth.



Recent features have explored miscarriages of justice, environmental ruin and corruption
Chinese documentarians are giving voice to their fears. Outsiders may be…
ECON.ST


QUOTATION OF THE DAY
"When he went for that swim today, it didn’t surprise me at all."
PETER WAKEFIELD, a childhood friend, on Capt. Richard Phillips, who tried to escape his pirate captors by leaping overboard.



She said that smoking, chlamidial衣原體的 infections and increasing maternal age were stronger risk factors for miscarriage, and ones that women could do something about.
“Moderation in all things is still an excellent rule,” Dr. Westhoff said. “I think we tend to go overboard on saying expose your body to zero anything when pregnant. The human race wouldn’t have succeeded if the early pregnancy was so vulnerable to a little bit of anything. We’re more robust than that.”

overboard    
adv.
Over or as if over the side of a boat or ship.
idiom:
go overboard
  1. To go to extremes, especially as a result of enthusiasm.

袋鼠法庭或者袋鼠審判 (英語:kangaroo courtkangaroo trial)是一個英文獨有的名詞,用於一些讓人認為不公平的法庭審判或裁決。

袋鼠法庭一詞起源於19世紀美國,當時一些法官在偏遠地區巡迴辦案,其收入來自辦案數量甚至被告的罰金,因此將這種到處奔跑辦案而不重視公正的法庭稱為袋鼠法庭。美國最高法院1967年的判決書中也曾使用這個詞:"Under our Constitution, the condition of being a boy does not justify a kangaroo court."。[1]

因為袋鼠可以決定自己的育兒袋中的幼兒,所以用袋鼠法庭一詞來隱喻部份國家的法庭中法律沒有得到良好貫徹,法律就像袋鼠育兒袋中的幼兒一樣被人為左右。也有釋義認為袋鼠法庭是比喻法庭的幼稚可笑,因為在早期人類的眼中,袋鼠是比較可笑的動物。還有人認為袋鼠法庭是民間法庭的代名詞,但這一釋義沒有相關材料支持。

參考文獻[編輯]

  1. ^ Kangaroo Court. (n.d.). West's Encyclopedia of American Law 2nd edition. 2008年 [August 9 2015-08-09]. (原始內容存檔於2018-10-24).

go overboard
INFORMAL
to do something too much, or to be too excited or eager about something:
I don't suppose there'll be more than six people eating so I wouldn't go overboard with the food.


miscarriage

Pronunciation: /mɪsˈkarɪdʒ/  
 /ˈmɪskarɪdʒ/  

NOUN

1The spontaneous or unplanned expulsion of a fetus from the womb before it is able tosurvive independently:his wife had a miscarriage[MASS NOUN]: some pregnancies result in miscarriage
2An unsuccessful outcome of something planned:the miscarriage of the project

2022年10月18日 星期二

hipsters, promiscuity, onset, prowess, 'doobly' and 'embuggerance', student slangs, overreaching

"I wanted a coffee. Not a science experiment."


'Damien Hirst and David LaChappelle artworks adorn the raw concrete walls. Flair bartenders serve up gem-coloured cocktails. A rotation of Michelin-starred chefs flown in from around the world curate new menus each week.
This is Door 19, a pop-up restaurant in a penthouse apartment in Moscow that this year played host to the city’s oligarchs and hipsters alike'
Following the wildly popular transformation of Gorky Park from rusting funfair to Wi-Fi heaven, Muscovites finally felt as if their city was becoming liveable. But with more gentrifying projects on the cards, is it just a way to...
THEGUARDIAN.COM|由 MARYAM OMIDI 上傳

A manifesto against the Starbucksification of coffee.via Guardian USComment is free
Will you pay enough to support specialty coffee while it stays sustainable?
THEGUARDIAN.COM|由 CHÉRMELLE EDWARDS 上傳

According to a new study, three-quarters of regular travellers belong to more than one airline loyalty programme. In competitive markets promiscuity invariably becomes the norm. As the head of Virgin America, David Cush, points out: "Even though I run an airline, I still travel on other airlines. In my travel folder on my iPhone, I've got the Delta, American, United, JetBlue and Southwest








Innovation Prowess: A Leadership Strategy to Accelerate Growth


 

Dictionary of everyday words defines 'doobly' and 'embuggerance'

A new dictionary explaining the difference between a "doobly", a pair of "yupes" or an everyday "embuggerance" is being compiled by experts.

Thousands of words which are already in everyday use but have never found their way into the dictionary are being collected for a new guide to the more colourful side of the English language.
The English Project, a £25 million language study, is collecting examples of what experts call "kitchen table lingo" - words and phrases in common use within groups such as families, schools or circles of friends.
To qualify the words must not have made it into a dictionary before but have to have been in use by three or more people for at least a month.
Organisers say they have already received more than 700 entries since launching their search last week.
Favourites so far include "yupes" - said to be a term in use at Sandhurst military academy - meaning underpants.
Perhaps the most commonly used term submitted is "embuggerance", euphemistically employed by the author Terry Pratchett to describe his feelings about the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
According to research so far, the term is thought to have been coined by a Ministry of Defence official during the Falklands War to describe his frustrations.
More baffling to the uninitiated, a "doobly" is a word for a television remote controller - one of several submitted by families, suggesting that the fate of that missing remote is one of the major talking points of modern family life.
Other words for the device collected so far include a "podger", the rhyming term "melly", a "boggler" and the more common "zapper".
The words collected will be published online and in books.
Money problems ’signal dementia’ 財務技能問題預示失智
◎鄭寺音
Declining financial skills are detectable in patients in the year before they develop Alzheimer’s, according to US researchers.
根據美國研究人員指出,阿茲海默症病患發病前幾年,會發現財務技能下滑。
Previous studies have shown that problems with daily activities often precede the onset of Alzheimer’s. The research from the University of Alabama in Birmingham is published in the journal, Neurology. The researchers studied 87 people with mild cognitive impairment(MCI), 25 of whom developed Alzheimer-type dementia during the study period, and 62 who did not.
過去的研究顯示,阿茲海默症發病前,常會出現日常活動問題。這份來自伯明翰的阿拉巴馬大學的研究刊登在神經學期刊,研究人員以87名輕度認知能力受損(MCI)的人為對象,其中25人在研究期間罹患阿茲海默症類型的失智症,62名未出現失智症狀。
They compared them with 76 healthy people with no memory problems. They used a tool called the Financial Capacity Instrument(FCI)to measure their skills over a period of a year.
他們將這些患者與76名沒有記憶問題的健康人相比,他們使用一種稱為財務能力方法的工具(FCI),在一年期間內評量他們的技巧。
Tested at the start of the study and then a year later, the overall FCI scores for the 25 patients who progressed to Alzheimer’s disease, showed a 6% decline. Their skills in managing a cheque book dropped by 9%. The control group and the 62 people with MCI who did not progress to Alzheimer’s maintained the level of their FCI scores throughout the year.
在研究之初與一年之後測試,25名後來罹患阿茲海默症的病患,FCI整體分數下滑6%,處理支票簿的能力降低9%。對照組與62名未發展成阿茲海默症的輕度認知能力受損病患,FCI分數一整年內都維持水準。
新聞辭典
detectable:形容詞,可發覺的。例句:There has been no detectable change in the patient’s condition.(病患的狀況看不出有任何改變。)
precede:動詞,前導,在……之前。例句:It would be helpful if you were to precede the report with an introduction.(如果你的報告開頭能有個引言,會很有幫助。)


An Onset of Woes Raises Questions on Obama Vision

By PETER BAKER

The Obama administration controversies of recent days have reinforced fears of an overreaching government and called into question Mr. Obama's ability to master his own presidency.

Definition of overreach
verb
  • 1 [no object] reach out too far:never lean sideways from a ladder or overreach
  • (overreach oneself) try to do more than is possible:the Church overreached itself in securing a territory that would prove impossible to hold
  • (of a horse or dog) bring the hind feet so far forward that they fall alongside or strike the forefeet: the horse overreached jumping the first hurdle
  • 2 [with object] get the better of by cunning; outwit:Faustus’s lunacy in thinking he can overreach the devil

Derivatives

overreacher

noun
onset:名詞,開始。例句:The new treatment can delay the onset of the disease by several years.(這種新療法可將疾病的發病延緩數年。)
n.
  1. An onslaught; an assault.
  2. A beginning; a start: the onset of a cold.
  3. Linguistics. The part of a syllable that precedes the nucleus. In the word nucleus (nūPRIMARY_STRESSklē-əs), the onset of the first syllable is (n), the onset of the second syllable is (kl), and the last syllable has no onset.

noun

  • the beginning of something, especially something unpleasant:the onset of winter [as modifier, in combination]:early-onset Alzheimer’s disease
  • archaic a military attack.

Student slang is a rapidly changing lingo. In the interests of preserving your cool if you are in conversation with a campus creature from the UK, here’s a glossary of well-worn faves across campuses in the UK. 
Bare 
Not actually anything to do with what you are thinking, bare is an adjective meaning “a lot of”, or “obviously”.
“I can’t come to your party, I’ve got bare work to do.”
“He bare fancies that girl he’s talking to. I really hope he doesn’t start telling her about his birthmark in the shape of Italy.”
Used by: Hipsters, at first; slowly but surely filtering down through the student ranks. 

An acronym standing for “big name on campus”. A Bnoc (pronounced bee-knock) is a self-proclaimed campus celebrity - often the chair of a society or involved in student politics. The term is often used to mock the subject for their delusions of grandeur, rather than as a compliment.
“Sam thinks he’s such a Bnoc, but really he’s just deputy treasurer of the cheese appreciation society.”
Used by: The weary friends of CV-obsessives who live in the student’s union. 
Chundergrad 
Chundergrad is a general term for anyone studying a bachelor’s degree. It is thought to derive from the partying tendencies of those studying for their first degree.
“Having a job is seriously going to affect my partying quota. I had better make the most of my years as a chundergrad.”
Used by: Final-year students
Dench 
A generic term meaning that something is good. Dench was invented by rapper Lethal Bizzle, and has since become the name of a clothing range which he launched with Arsenal midfielder Emmanuel Frimpong.  It is unknown whether the word was inspired by British actress Dame Judi Dench, but the two have become inextricably intertwined.
“I just found a pound coin on the floor, what a dench trip to Tesco this turned out to be.”
Used by: Those in the know, slangoisseurs, if you will.
(Submitted by @sashwatson on twitter) 
Hench 
Hench is a term denoting a large and muscle-bound individual. More recently, it has been used to describe anything of voluminous size.
“Let’s go to Perfect Fried Chicken, their portions of chips are hench.”
Used by: Lads. To describe themselves. 
Jel 
A contraction of “jealous”, first popularised by the cast of The Only Way is Essex but now common in student circles. If the situation calls for it, a student may even pronounce themselves “well jel”.
“You’ve finished your dissertation? Jel.”
Used by: Closet TOWIE fans 
Lad 
A noun used to describe a student alpha male. Connotations of being deemed a “lad” include, but are not limited to: promiscuity, sporting prowess, a fondness for protein shakes, love of practical jokes and a general arrogance in most aspects of life. Often used ironically, the term may be compounded to describe someone who has had particular luck or success in a certain field, as in example two below.
“What a lad.”
“He got a first? Geography lad.”
Used by: It’s a universally recognised phenomenon.
Libes 
Affectionate term for the library.
“Meet me in the libes, I’m on the second floor.”
Used by: Frantic essay writers who need to conserve all of their formal language ability for their work. 
Sick  
Having replaced the conventional meaning of sick with chunder, students found themselves with a leftover word which they weren’t quite sure how to use. That is until one bright spark decided to do something “crazy” and invert it completely: sick now means good or impressive. “The Worcestershire sauce on these beans on toast is sick.”
Used by: Middle-class rap fans. 
Thora 
Cockney rhyming slang for a third-class honours degree, in honour of the actress Thora Hird. An alternate form of this is a “Douglas”, after the former Tory minister Douglas Hurd. “I really need to spend less time googling or I’m going to get a Thora.”
Used by: Those who want to bring a bit of vintage kitsch to the third class. 
Rah 
A derogatory term for a student who displays a set of physical characteristics and attitudes specific to the upper middle class. The stereotypical rah hails from the home counties and sports a hairstyle which is deliberately unkempt. A received pronunciation accent is essential, along with a repertoire of tales from their gap year.
“Fiona is such a rah, I heard she asked her boyfriend to change his name to Jack Wills.”
Used by: Those who are unappreciative of the rah’s unique sense of style. 
Vac 
Not the vacuum cleaner your mum had in the 90s, but a contraction of “vacation” which can refer to any university holiday period. Usage is prevalent among students at Oxford, who also refer to their faculty as the “fac” and a tutorial as a “tut”.
“I’ve got a tut, but I’m hoping to leave the fac building early to go home for the vac.”
Used by: Oxbridge students and the extremely time-poor.


Japan Now Neck-and-Neck With France in Culinary Prowess
Wall Street Journal (blog)
Japan's capital was awarded more stars than any other city by the tire company's newly released restaurant guide, which includes outlying cities Yokohama ...




 Definition of prowess
noun
  • 1skill or expertise in a particular activity or field:his prowess as a fisherman
  • 2bravery in battle.

Origin:

Middle English (sense 2): from Old French proesce, from prou 'valiant'. Sense 1 dates from the early 20th century

prowess[prow・ess]


  • 発音記号[práuis]
[名][U]((文))
1 (戦場での)勇気, 力量;[C]勇敢[大胆]な行為.
2 (…の)すぐれた能力[腕前]((as, at, in ...))
his prowess as an athlete
彼のスポーツ選手としてのすぐれた能力.
prow・essed
[形]

 

promiscuous

Pronunciation: /prəˈmɪskjʊəs/
Translate promiscuous | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish


adjective

  • 1having or characterized by many transient sexual relationships:she’s a wild, promiscuous, good-time girl promiscuous behaviour
  • 2demonstrating or implying an unselective approach; indiscriminate or casual:the city fathers were promiscuous with their honours
  • consisting of a wide range of different things:Americans are free to choose from a promiscuous array of values



Derivatives

promiscuously
adverb

promiscuousness
noun

Origin:

early 17th century: from Latin promiscuus 'indiscriminate', (based on miscere 'to mix') + -ous. The early sense was 'consisting of elements mixed together', giving rise to 'indiscriminate' and 'undiscriminating', whence the notion of 'casual'

promiscuity

Pronunciation: /prɒmɪˈskjuːɪti/
Translate promiscuity | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish

noun

[mass noun]
the fact or state of being promiscuous; immorality:some fear this will lead to greater sexual promiscuity amongst teens




hipster1

Line breaks: hip|ster
Pronunciation: /hɪpstə/



NOUN

INFORMAL
A person who follows the latest trends and fashions, especially those regarded as being outside the cultural mainstream.

Origin

1940s (used originally as an equivalent term to hepcat): from hip3 -ster.
Derivatives
hipsterish
ADJECTIVE


hipsterism

NOUN

abhorrently, A Vote for Latin, wriggle room bitch, toyed with


Many regimes treat their people abhorrently–yet North Korea commands outsized attention. These six books will help you understand why: https://econ.trib.al/s4DLUJR


"The government is saying in September everything will be back to normal, but that's too late for Christmas because everything has to be out by mid-October at the latest and for America even earlier, otherwise there'll be no glad rags on the high street. That may mean some factories go under.
"Smaller manufacturers are bitching that the Olympics are killing them. Two-thirds of textile firms operate on margins of less than 1%, so there's not much wriggle room."

Blair reveals he 'toyed with Marxism' after reading book on Trotsky ...

https://www.theguardian.com › Politics › Tony Blair

4 hours ago - Thursday 10 August 2017 04.00 EDT Last modified on Thursday 10 August 2017 04.21 EDT. Tony Blair has said that he “toyed with Marxism” ...


Toy with - Idioms by The Free Dictionary


idioms.thefreedictionary.com/toy+with

2. to handle something or move it around without any clear purpose As he was speaking, he toyednervously with a button on his jacket. See also: toy.

bitch (COMPLAIN)
verb [I] INFORMAL
to complain and make unkind remarks about someone or something:
She's always bitching about Tanya.

bitch
noun
1 [S] INFORMAL when you complain or talk unkindly about people:
Most of us enjoy having a (good) bitch from time to time.

2 [C] OFFENSIVE an unkind or unpleasant woman:
She can be a real bitch.

3 [S] INFORMAL something which causes difficulties or problems, or which is unpleasant:
I've had a bitch of a week at work.

bitchy
adjective INFORMAL
often talking unkindly about other people:
She's so bitchy!
a bitchy remark

bitchiness 
noun [U] INFORMAL

wriggle 
verb
1 [I or T] to twist your body, or move part of your body, with small, quick movements:
A large worm wriggled in the freshly dug earth.
Baby Martha was wriggling her toes in the sand.

2 [I + adverb or preposition] to move somewhere using short, quick twisting movements:
The tunnel was low and dark, but she managed to wriggle through to the other side.
After twisting and turning for a while, he managed to wriggle free.

wriggle
noun [C usually singular]
an act of wriggling:
With a wriggle, she managed to crawl through the gap.v., -gled, -gling, -gles. v.intr.
  1. To turn or twist the body with sinuous writhing motions; squirm.
  2. To proceed with writhing motions.
  3. To worm one's way into or out of a situation; insinuate or extricate oneself by sly or subtle means.
v.tr.
  1. To move with a wriggling motion: wriggle a toe.
  2. To make (one's way, for example) by or as if by wriggling: He wriggled his way into favor.
n.
  1. A wriggling movement.
  2. A sinuous path, line, or marking.
[Middle English wrigglen, perhaps from Middle Low German wriggeln.]



Op-Ed Contributor美國總統大選前呼籲拉丁文的學習


1 : causing or deserving strong dislike or hatred : being so repugnant as to stir up positive antagonism acts abhorrent to every right-minded person. 2 : not agreeable : contrary a notion abhorrent to their philosophy. 3a : feeling or showing strong dislike or hatred. b archaic : strongly opposed.

 

A Vote for Latin

Published: December 3, 2007

London
Skip to next paragraph

The Heads of State

Related

Op-Ed Contributor: Latin Translation: A Vote for Latin (December 3, 2007) 本篇的拉丁文版本


Readers' Comments

"Any serious study of a language with long history (Classical Chinese, Sanskrit, Persian, among others) would serve many of the same purposes as studying Latin and Greek, and perhaps even enhance one's knowledge and understanding of foreign cultures and history, which are arguably even more abhorrently lacking in today's politicians. "
CJ Huang, Massachusetts

AT first glance, it doesn’t seem tragic that our leaders don’t study Latin anymore. But it is no coincidence that the professionalization of politics — which encourages budding politicians to think of education as mere career preparation — has occurred during an age of weak rhetoric, shifting moral values, clumsy grammar and a terror of historical references and eternal values that the Romans could teach us a thing or two about. As they themselves might have said, “Roma urbs aeterna; Latina lingua aeterna.”*
None of the leading presidential candidates majored in Latin. Hillary Clinton studied political science at Wellesley, as did Barack Obama at Columbia. Rudy Giuliani had a minor brush with the language during four years of theology at Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School in Brooklyn when he toyed with becoming a priest. But then he went on to major in guess what? Political science.
How things have changed since the founding fathers.
Of the 7,000 books originally in Thomas Jefferson’s library, only a couple of dozen are still at Monticello. The rest were sold off by his descendants, and eventually bought back by the Library of Congress. The best-thumbed of those remaining — on a glassed-in shelf in Jefferson’s study — is a copy of Virgil’s “Aeneid.”
Jefferson started learning Latin and Greek at age 9 at a school in Virginia run by a Scottish clergyman. When he was at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, a Greek grammar book was always by his side. Tacitus and Homer were his favorites.
High school, Jefferson thought, should center on Latin, Greek and French, with grammar and reading exercises, translations into English and the memorizing of famous passages. In 1819, when Jefferson opened the University of Virginia in Charlottesville (built according to classical rules of architecture), he employed only classically trained professors to teach Greek and Roman history.
This pattern of Latin learning continued for more than 150 years. Of the 40 presidents since Jefferson, 31 have studied Latin, many at a high level. James Polk graduated from the University of North Carolina, in 1818, with top honors in math and classics. James Garfield taught Greek and Latin from 1856 to 1857 at what is now Hiram College in Ohio. Teddy Roosevelt studied classics at Harvard.
John F. Kennedy had Latin instruction at not one, but three prep schools. Richard Nixon showed a great aptitude for the language, coming second in the subject at Whittier High School in California in 1930. And George H. W. Bush, a Latin student at Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass., was a member of the fraternity Auctoritas, Unitas, Veritas (Authority, Unity, Truth).
A particular favorite for Bill Clinton during his four years of Latin at Hot Springs High School in Arkansas was Caesar’s “Gallic War.”
Following in his father’s footsteps, George W. Bush studied Latin at Phillips Academy (the school’s mottoes: “Non Sibi” or not for self, and “Finis Origine Pendet,” the end depends on the beginning).
But then President Bush was lucky enough to catch the tail end of the American classical tradition. Soon after he left Andover in 1964, the study of Latin in America collapsed. In 1905, 56 percent of American high school students studied Latin. By 1977, a mere 6,000 students took the National Latin Exam.
Recently there have been signs of a revival. The number taking the National Latin Exam in 2005, for instance, shot up to 134,873.
Why is this a good thing? Not all Romans were models of virtue — Caligula’s Latin was pretty good. And not all 134,873 of those Latin students are going to turn into Jeffersons.
But what they gain is a glimpse into the past that provides a fuller, richer view of the present. Know Latin and you discern the Roman layer that lies beneath the skin of the Western world. And you open up 500 years of Western literature (plus an additional thousand years of Latin prose and poetry).
Why not just study all this in English? What do you get from reading the “Aeneid” in the original that you wouldn’t get from Robert Fagles’s fine translation, which came out just last year?
Well, no translation, however fine, can ever sound the way Latin was written to sound. To hear Latin poetry spoken smoothly and quickly is to hear a mellifluous, rat-a-tat-tat language, the rich, distilled, romantic, pure, heady blueprint of its close descendant, Italian.





 
But also, learning to translate Latin into English and vice versa is a tremendous way to train the mind. I think of translating concise, precise Latin into more expansive, discursive English as like opening up a concertina; you are allowed to inject all sorts of original thought and interpretation.
As much as opening the concertina enlarges your imagination, squeezing it shut — translating English into Latin — sharpens your prose. Because Latin is a dead language, not in a constant state of flux as living languages are, there’s no wriggle room in translating. If you haven’t understood exactly what a particular word means or how a grammatical rule works, you are likely to be, not off, but just plain wrong. There’s nothing like this challenge to teach you how to navigate the reefs and whirlpools of English prose.
With a little Roman history and Latin under your belt, you end up seeing more everywhere, not only in literature and language, but in the classical roots of Federal architecture; the spread of Christianity throughout Western Europe and, in turn, America; and in the American system of senatorial government. The novelist Alan Hollinghurst describes people who know history’s turning points as being able to look at the world as a sequence of rooms: Greece gives way to Rome, Rome to the Byzantine Empire, to the Renaissance, to the British Empire, to America.
You can gain this advantage at any age. Alfred the Great, the ninth-century king of England, who knew how crucial it was to learn Latin to become a civilized leader, took it up in his 30s. Here’s hoping that a new generation of students — and presidents — will likewise recognize that *“if Rome is the eternal city, Latin is the eternal language.”

Harry Mount is the author of “Carpe Diem: Put a Little Latin in Your Life.”

Latin Church:拉丁教會:指用拉丁文舉行宗教禮儀的天主教會,而拉丁文原為羅馬帝國官方語言。
Latin Letters, Secretariat(e)of:普通文書院:教廷中樞機構之一。
Latin Rite:拉丁禮:指用拉丁文舉行的宗教禮儀(現已改用本國語言),亦即西方禮天主教所使用的語言;與希臘禮(用希臘文)相對照。
Latinization:拉丁化:尤指拉丁禮教會對(非拉丁禮)東方教會之介入。
latria(L.):欽崇:專對天主的最高敬拜,因祂是無窮美善的造物主,凌駕任何受造物之上。詳見 adoration。
Lauda Sion(L.):請眾讚頌救主;熙雍!請吟詠歌唱:聖道茂所撰之文情並茂的讚美耶穌聖體詩(歌),已納入基督聖體聖血節彌撒中的繼抒詠內。