19 世紀末，牛津大學的一位教授因其口誤而聲名狼藉，以至於人們以他的名字命名了這個錯誤。
他的名字是威廉·阿奇博爾德·斯普納，一位受人尊敬的牧師和學者，曾擔任牛津大學新學院院長二十多年。
他因不小心將單字之間的發音互換而出名，這種發音錯誤現在被稱為「錯讀」。
例如，他想說「a crushing beat」（一擊致命的打擊），結果卻說成了「a blushing crow」（一隻臉紅的烏鴉）。
儘管他智力超群，但關於他口誤的故事卻傳遍了整個牛津大學，並很快傳遍了整個英格蘭。
其中一個最著名的故事是，他曾斥責一個學生，說：“你把我所有的神秘課程都弄得嘶嘶作響！”而他真正想說的是：“你錯過了我所有的歷史課程！” 🗣️
「斯普納主義」（spoonerism）一詞於1900年左右正式被記錄下來，鞏固了他在英語中意想不到的地位。
雖然斯普納於1930年去世，但每當有人不小心點了「一杯咖啡」（cuff of coffee）或告訴他們的寵物「別再胡鬧了」（stop haking a shour）時，他的名字就會被提起。
An Oxford University professor in the late 1800s became so famous for his verbal slip-ups that they named the mistake after him.He was known for accidentally swapping the sounds between words, creating a verbal mix-up now called a 'spoonerism.'For example, he might try to say 'a crushing blow' and it would come out as 'a blushing crow.'Despite being a highly intelligent man, stories of his tongue-tied moments spread throughout the university and soon, all of England.One of the most famous tales claims he once reprimanded a student by saying, 'You have hissed all my mystery lectures!' when he meant to say, 'You have missed all my history lectures!' 
The term 'spoonerism' was officially recorded around the year 1900, cementing his unintended place in the English language.Though he passed away in 1930, Spooner's name lives on every time someone accidentally orders a 'cuff of coffee' or tells their pet to 'stop haking a shour.' 
An Oxford University professor in the late 1800s became so famous for his verbal slip-ups that they named the mistake after him.
He was known for accidentally swapping the sounds between words, creating a verbal mix-up now called a 'spoonerism.'
For example, he might try to say 'a crushing blow' and it would come out as 'a blushing crow.'
Despite being a highly intelligent man, stories of his tongue-tied moments spread throughout the university and soon, all of England.
One of the most famous tales claims he once reprimanded a student by saying, 'You have hissed all my mystery lectures!' when he meant to say, 'You have missed all my history lectures!'
The term 'spoonerism' was officially recorded around the year 1900, cementing his unintended place in the English language.
Though he passed away in 1930, Spooner's name lives on every time someone accidentally orders a 'cuff of coffee' or tells their pet to 'stop haking a shour.'
Lü Cheng(Chinese: 呂澂) wrote an essay attempting to prove this book is apocryphal, named "One hundred reasons about why Shurangama Sutra is apocryphal" (Chinese: 楞嚴百偽).
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apocryphal, The Apocryphal Gospels
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The DW-WORLD Article
http://newsletter.dw-world.de/
Main article: Shakespeare Apocrypha
starets (STAHR-its, -yits)
noun: A religious teacher or adviser.
Etymology
From Russian starets (elder). In the Eastern Orthodox Church a starets is a spiritual adviser who is not necessarily a priest.
Usage
"Grigori Rasputin, was neither mad nor a monk, but an unconventional starets." — Cecilia Rasmussen; Shadowed by Rasputin's Evil Reputation; Los Angeles Times; Oct 10, 1999.
com・man・do
━━ n. （pl. ～(e)s） 奇襲部隊; その隊員.
orthodox[or・tho・dox]
- 発音記号[ɔ'ːrθədɑ`ks | -dɔ`ks]
[形]
2 因習的な, ありきたりの.
3 （特に宗教上）正説の, 正統派の（⇔heterodox）.
4 ((O-))ギリシャ正教会の.
━━[名]（複 〜, 〜・es）
1 正統派の人.
2 ギリシャ正教徒.
［もとはギリシャ語orthódoxos （ortho-正しい＋dóx意見＝意見が正しい）. △DOGMA］A·poc·ry·pha (ə-pŏk'rə-fə)
n. (used with a sing. or pl. verb)
- The biblical books included in the Vulgate and accepted in the Roman Catholic and Orthodox canon but considered noncanonical by Protestants because they are not part of the Hebrew Scriptures.
- Various early Christian writings proposed as additions to the New Testament but rejected by the major canons.
- apocrypha Writings or statements of questionable authorship or authenticity.
[Middle English apocripha, not authentic, from Late Latin Apocrypha, the Apocrypha, from Greek Apokrupha, neuter pl. of apokruphos, secret, hidden, from apokruptein, to hide away : apo-, apo- + kruptein, kruph-, to hide.]
apocrypha[a・poc・ry・pha]
- 発音記号[əpɑ'krəfə | əpɔ'k-]
[名]((the 〜))((しばしば単数扱い))
1 ((A-))聖書外典, 経典外, アポクリファ.
2 ((集合的))典拠の不確かな文書.
［中英語←教会ラテン語←ギリシャ語apokryphos （apo-離して＋krýptein隠す）＝隠された. △CRYPT（O）-, CRIPTIC］A·poc·ry·pha ( ə-pŏk'rə-fə)
n. (used with a sing. or pl. verb)
- The biblical books included in the Vulgate and accepted in the Roman Catholic and Orthodox canon but considered noncanonical by Protestants because they are not part of the Hebrew Scriptures.
- Various early Christian writings proposed as additions to the New Testament but rejected by the major canons.
- apocrypha Writings or statements of questionable authorship or authenticity.
[Middle English apocripha, not authentic, from Late Latin Apocrypha, the Apocrypha, from Greek Apokrupha, neuter pl. of apokruphos , secret, hidden, from apokruptein , to hide away : apo-, apo- + kruptein, kruph-, to hide.]
張華
apocryphal adjective FORMAL
describes a story that is probably not true although often told and believed by some people to have happened:
an apocryphal story
It's a good story but I dare say it's apocryphal.
One of many "Spoonerisms" now considered apocryphal
張華
英文有一種文字遊戲叫spoonerism(首音互換)例如下圖的dig bick便是把b和d的位置互換，懂的人看了會啞然一笑。
describes a story that is probably not true although often told and believed by some people to have happened:
an apocryphal story
It's a good story but I dare say it's apocryphal.
One of many "Spoonerisms" now considered apocryphal
a·poc·ry·phal ( ə-pŏk'rə-fəl)
adj.
adj.
- Of questionable authorship or authenticity.
- Erroneous; fictitious: "Wildly apocryphal rumors about starvation in Petrograd . . . raced through Russia's trenches" (W. Bruce Lincoln).
- Apocryphal Bible. Of or having to do with the Apocrypha.
apocryphal[a・poc・ry・phal]
- 発音記号[əpɑ'krəfəl | əpɔ'k-]
[形]
1 著作者［典拠］の疑わしい；（物語などが）にせの, 本物でない.
2(1) ((A-))聖書外典の.
(2) 正典として認められない.
The Apocryphal Gospels 次經或 後典-- 它們也是 A Personal Library by Jorge Luis Borges 的第2-3本
Gospel, apocryphal：某些人認為"偽福音書：近似福音而未經教會認可的初期教會（一至五世紀）之作品。" 其實這不懂得天主教第19次特蘭托宗教會議上 將"諸次經" 認定為"聖經"的組成部分]
Deming 著的The New Economics 第8-9兩章的 motto(章前題句/金言/格言) 都選用次經或後典
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