2019年12月27日 星期五

to shadow, shadow landnd /price/toll, shadowy, penumbra, arcade, time-wasting, Pac-Man

A Royal Navy patrol ship has been dispatched to shadow a Russian vessel through the English Channel



"Anyone who has studied the ‘re-positioning’ that took place among courtiers after the assassination of any Roman emperor, will recognise what is going on..."

Over the past few days, I have been more interested in the voices of the penumbra of power, rather than in the fate of Mrs May herself.
WWW.THE-TLS.CO.UK

Why Taiwan's Top Execs Stay In The Shadows

 According to the Congressional report, state-owned firms account for two-fifths of China’s non-agricultural GDP. If firms that benefit from state largesse (eg, subsidised credit) are included, that figure rises to half. Genuinely independent firms are starved of formal credit, so they rely on China’s shadow banking system. Fearing a credit bubble, the government is cracking down on this informal system, leaving China’s “bamboo capitalists” bereft.



Kelly R. Flewin dresses as Pac-Man in competition at the 14th Annual International Classic Video Game Tournament.
Cheryl Senter for The New York Times  When Defending Earth Cost 25 Cents
A tournament at the American Classic Arcade Museum in New Hampshire revisited the first generation of video games. Kelly R. Flewin, above, dressed as Pac-Man.

Al Qaeda’s Shadowland
By EDMUND J. HULL
Challenging misconceptions about Yemen is a first step toward comprehending and overcoming significant threats to American, Yemeni and international security.
Shadow Land, known in Japan as Yōkai Dōchūki (妖怪道中記 lit. "Phantom Travel Journal"?), is an arcade game that was released by Namco in 1987. It runs on Namco System 1 hardware. This game was not released in the United States, likely because of its questionable (by U.S. standards) content. However, an English-language version of the game, titled Shadowland, exists.


How time-wasting video games escaped the arcade, jumped into our pockets and took over our lives.


Soccer Inquiry Focuses on Shadowy Singapore Figure

ROME — Authorities in Europe are homing in on a man named Tan Seet Eng, who was called “the boss,” as they try to grasp a scandal that could involve hundreds of fixed soccer games.

Secrets and Lies: Kim Jong Il's Shadowy Visit to China

By BILL POWELL
The international man of mystery boarded the midnight train from Pyongyang, headed (for reasons known only to him and his unforthcoming hosts) to China


Following the trajectory suggested by its title, the show begins with the often penumbral images — not unlike Seurat’s charcoal drawings — of British life that he took in the 1930s and during World War II.追溯標題所透露的軌跡,展覽從他在20世紀30年代和“二戰”期間拍攝的英國人生活開始,這些照片時常是晦暗不明的——跟修拉的炭筆素描有相似之 處。



Big Banks Get Break in Rules to Limit Derivatives Risks
By BEN PROTESS
Under pressure from Wall Street lobbyists, federal regulators will soften a rule intended to rein in banks' domination of a shadowy but lucrative market.





2004/5/16 晚上七點多,一位高高的爸爸邊走邊教小孩,影子叫shadow,
卡通影片(blue)bear中不是有shadow嗎?……

小朋友,你什麼時候才懂得「罔兩」?


古代中國「思想界」中,罔兩是要角。

譬如說,用「罔兩」指「無所依據的樣子」。《楚辭˙東方朔˙七諫˙哀命》:「哀形體之離解兮,神罔兩而無舍。」


「罔兩」又指「影子外圍顏色較淡的部分」。《莊子.齊物論》中用寓言「罔兩問景」來說明「齊物」的道理。古字「景」就是「影」,兩字相通;「罔兩」指「影外之微陰」1,那指影外之影,「罔兩」依靠「影」而存,而「影」又靠本體而存,彼此都有所依待。


(《莊 子˙齊物論》:「罔兩問景曰:曩子行,今子止,曩子坐,今子起,何其無特操與?」---人在太陽下一照有個影子,影子外還有個迷迷糊糊的光圈,莊子稱它為 「罔兩」,有一天罔兩對影子說,你這個人真是荒唐,一下坐,一下站起來走,怎麼這樣不定呢?影子說:「唉!老兄啊,一談何容易,我後面還有個老闆,要我 動,我就要動。」;《莊子˙寓言》「似之而非」)


應用:止庵《罔兩編》(天津:百花文藝出版社,2004)他讀的都是翻譯的書,所以是原作之「影子外圍顏色較淡的部分」。



Milan KUNDERA(米蘭‧昆德拉) 《小說的藝術》(L'Art du Roman)慰遲秀譯,台北:皇冠,2004,第6章「73個詞」的譯注:「……作者為譯本刪去十個詞,因為這些文字牽涉到法文字詞的詞源分析,作者認為 只有用法文陳述才能理解。所以事實上這裡只收了63個詞條。」(p. 147)



【hc評論:這,初讀之下,或許是「似之 而非」之論述。就好像說我上述引的種種「罔兩」的引文和作文,只能用中文寫(當然,《林語堂 當代漢英詞典》用spirits或demons of the wild 或'the penumbra'和'fringe shadow'翻譯「罔兩」,對我們母與是漢文的人,多少有點掃興……)。不過,昆德拉先生對於翻譯質量的講究和奮鬥過程,他的大陸譯者汪湄作的《愛是最 難的事》說得好(原載《讀書1995第9期》,收入《對話的靈光:米蘭‧昆德拉研究資料輯要》北京:中國有誼出版公司,1999)


其 實,Kundera雖用法文寫作,我從他給的63詞條中,嗅出很濃厚的捷克風土,譬如說,對於aphorisme(翻譯成「格言」或許是誤譯)、 litanie(連禱)、Tchecoslovaquie….如果讀者稿得清楚為什麼「這eliteisme法文字,在1967年才入法語界 文化精英,漸為媒體或商業等領域所取代….」沒什麼理由不原文照給。「作者」太低估他可能的讀者群中的想像力了。)


最重要而值得 研究的是舊版《小說的藝術》原有93個關鍵詞,經與譯者討論之後,刪去6條,因為「無法譯寧可不譯」。(《對話的靈光:米蘭‧昆德拉研究資料輯要》頁 708)。或許,這種精簡作法,與《林語堂 當代漢英詞典》的重新修改時,後輩大力刪減的做法,道理相同:「質」優於「量」。】



「罔兩」又可指「山川中的木石精怪」。《左傳˙宣公三年》:「螭魅罔兩,莫能逢之。或作罔閬、魍魎。」」有注云﹕「罔兩,水神。」.

《淮南子》的一段話有點矛盾,其《道應論》有如下一段記述:

罔 兩問于景(高注:"罔兩,水之精物也。景,日月水光晷也。")曰 :"昭昭者,神明也?"(高注:"罔兩恍惚之物,見景光明,以為神也。")景曰:"非也 。"罔兩曰:"子何以知之?"景曰:"扶桑受謝,日照宇宙。昭昭之光,輝燭四海。闔戶 塞牖,則無由入矣。若神明,四通並流,無所不及,上際於天,下蟋於地,化育萬物而不可 為象,俯仰之間而撫四海之外。昭昭何足以明之!"




 whinge  (hwnj, wnj)
intr.v. whingedwhing·ingwhing·es Chiefly British
To complain or protest, especially in an annoying or persistent manner.

[Dialectal alteration of Middle English whinsen, from Old English hwinsian.]

whinger n.
whinging·ly adv.


pe·num·bra  (p-nmbr)
n. pl. pe·num·brae (-br) or pe·num·bras
1. A partial shadow, as in an eclipse, between regions of complete shadow and complete illumination. See Synonyms at shade.
2. The grayish outer part of a sunspot.
3. An area in which something exists to a lesser or uncertain degree: "The First Amendment has a penumbra where privacy is protected from governmental intrusion" (Joseph A. Califano, Jr.)
4. An outlying surrounding region; a periphery: "Downtown Chicago and its penumbra also stand rejuvenated" (John McCormick).

[New Latin pnumbra : Latin paene, almost + Latin umbra, shadow.]

pe·numbral, pe·numbrous adj.


Definition of shadowy
adjective (shadowier, shadowiest)
  • full of shadows:a long, shadowy, cobbled passage
  • of uncertain identity or nature:a shadowy figure appeared through the mist the shadowy world of covert operations

Derivatives

shadowiness

noun

shadowy
音節
shad • ow • y
発音
ʃǽdoui
[形](more 〜, most 〜;-i・er, -i・est)
1 〈人・活動などが〉なぞに包まれた.
2 影の多い;陰になった;暗くぼんやりした
a shadowy road
木陰の小道.
3 影のような, 影のように淡い;あいまいな;実体のない, 空虚な;架空の;錯覚の, 当てにならない
shadowy forms
おぼろな形
a shadowy hope
むなしい望み.
4 幻の, 幽霊のような.
shad・ow・i・ness
[名]



shadow 
adj.
Not having official status: a shadow government of exiled leaders; a shadow cabinet.

[Middle English, from Old English sceaduwe, oblique case of sceadu, shade, shadow.]

國外早已盛行多年的「影子費率」(shadow toll)概念,由政府貼補,擔保民間不虧損

shadow price

Definition of shadow price

noun

Economics
the estimated price of a good or service for which no market price exists.

 Definition of shadow

noun
  • 1a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface:trees cast long shadows
  • [mass noun] partial or complete darkness, especially as produced in this way:the north side of the cathedral was deep in shadow (shadows)a stranger slowly approached from the shadows
  • [mass noun] the shaded part of a picture.
  • a dark patch or area on a surface:her face was pale and there were shadows under her eyes
  • a region of opacity on a radiograph:shadows on his lungs
  • 2used in reference to proximity, ominous oppressiveness, or sadness and gloom:the shadow of war fell across Europe only one shadow lay over Sally’s life
  • used in reference to something insubstantial or fleeting:a freedom that was more shadow than substance
  • used in reference to a position of relative inferiority or obscurity:he lived in the shadow of his father
  • [with negative] the slightest trace of something:she knew without a shadow of a doubt that he was lying
  • a weak or inferior remnant or version of something:this fine-looking, commanding man had become a shadow of his former self
  • an expression of perplexity or sadness:a shadow crossed Maria’s face
  • 3an inseparable attendant or companion:her faithful shadow, a Yorkshire terrier called Heathcliffe
  • a person secretly following and observing another: no matter where Johnson went, his shadow stayed with him
  • a person that accompanies someone in their daily activities at work in order to gain experience at or insight into a job.
  • [usually as modifier] British the opposition counterpart of a government minister or ministry:the shadow Chancellor

verb

[with object]
  • 1 envelop in shadow; cast a shadow over:the market is shadowed by St Margaret’s church a hood shadowed her face
  • 2 follow and observe (someone) closely and secretly:he had been up all night shadowing a team of poachers
  • British (of an opposition politician) be the counterpart of (a government minister or a ministry): he formerly helped to shadow the Foreign Office
  • accompany (someone) in their daily activities at work in order to gain experience at or insight into a job: the placement might involve shadowing a manager

Phrases

be frightened of one's shadow
be very timid or nervous.


wear oneself to a shadow
completely exhaust oneself through overwork.




shadower

noun


shadowless

adjective

 arcade[ar・cade]


  • 発音記号[ɑːrkéid]
(▼ストレス注意)[名]
1 《建築》
(1) アーケード:柱などで支えられた連続したアーチ.
(2) 列拱(きょう)回廊.
2 (通例, 商店街になった)屋根つき街路, アーケード.
3 ゲームセンター(((米))game arcade, ((英))amusement arcade).
━━[動](他)…にアーケードをつける.

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