unassuming, sphere, scope, spare, modest, main, act

Nick Masuda

The British Library

Charles Dickens died ‪#‎onthisday‬ in 1870.

In ‘Bleak House’ we meet Inspector Bucket of the Detective Police – an unassuming man who believes that ‘every person should have their rights according to justice’. It is perhaps the first detective novel in English and was originally published in 19 instalments in Dickens’s own journal.

Explore a ‘Bleak House’ first edition with illustrationshttp://bit.ly/1O4BoT2. ‪#‎DiscoverLiterature‬

Knicks Owner, and Players, Sing the Blues

By PETER KERASOTIS 9:26 PM ET

Some Knicks fans find it disconcerting that James L. Dolan is on the road with his band, J D & The Straight Shot, while his main act is experiencing hard times.

就有趣的是作者自稱是個modest translator: 齊克果的英譯，不敢誇示。

This passage would be absolutely deterrent to a modest translator- if it were not so absolutely necessary to have a

｢對於一個平庸的譯者，這段文字是一種絕對的阻嚇，若不是齊克果的作品絕對需要翻譯，我不敢造次。｣孟譯 

Storm Damage Largely Spares New York

The Sphere and Duty of the Government
Humboldt 

Online Library of Liberty - The Sphere and Duties of Government ...
個人宜求自我完美 公事節制 







我對於將Humanism's Sphere 翻譯成"人文主義的範圍 "不太滿意。-----《人文主義與民主批評》譯者: 朱生堅，北京:三聯 2013

不料字典的sphere, scope的第一翻譯順位都是"範圍"。


  modest 

adjective

• 1 unassuming in the estimation of one’s abilities or achievements:he was a very modest man, refusing to take any credit for the enterprise

• 2 (of an amount, rate, or level) relatively moderate, limited, or small:drink modest amounts of alcohol employment growth was relatively modest
• not large, elaborate, or expensive:a modest flat in Fulham it was a nice wedding, necessarily modest

• 3 (of a woman) dressing or behaving so as to avoid impropriety or indecency, especially to avoid attracting sexual attention: the modest women wear long-sleeved dresses and all but cover their faces
• (of clothing) not revealing or emphasizing a person’s figure: modest dress means that hemlines must be below the knee

Derivatives

modestly

adverb

Origin:

mid 16th century: from French modeste, from Latin modestus 'keeping due measure', related to modus 'measure'

unassuming 

Pronunciation: /ʌnəˈsjuːmɪŋ/ 

ADJECTIVE

Not pretentious or arrogant; modest:he was an unassuming and kindly man

sphere
(sfĭr)
n.

1. Mathematics. A three-dimensional surface, all points of which are equidistant from a fixed point.
2. A spherical object or figure.
3. A celestial body, such as a planet or star.
4. The sky, appearing as a hemisphere to an observer: the sphere of the heavens.
5. Any of a series of concentric, transparent, revolving globes that together were once thought to contain the moon, sun, planets, and stars.
6. The extent of a person's knowledge, interests, or social position.
7. An area of power, control, or influence; domain. See synonyms at field.

tr.v., sphered, spher·ing, spheres.

1. To form into a sphere.
2. To put in or within a sphere.
3. To surround or encompass.

[Middle English spere, from Old French espere, from Latin sphaera, from Greek sphaira.]


An area of activity, interest, or expertise; a section of society or an aspect of life distinguished and unified by a particular characteristic:political reforms to match those in the economic sphere

MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES

• It may be permissible to call them economic conflicts because they concern that sphere of human life which is, in common speech, known as the sphere of economic activities.
• In the past, the Malays were tied to their agrarian communities, and the British brought in Chinese and Indians to partake in different spheres of economic activities.
• This can be seen in the following quotation, in which Pareto connects interests with the economic sphere.

sphericity sphe·ric'i·ty (sfî-rĭs'ĭ-tē) n.

1 （幾何学上の）球（体）；（一般に）球, 丸い物体.

2 （…の）存在［活動, 適用］範囲, 領分, （…の及ぶ）分野, 領域((of ...))

a sphere of influence
勢力範囲

keep ［remain］ within one's (proper) sphere
本領［本分］を守る.

3 （社会的）階層；地位

a person in his modest sphere
一市井人.

4 《天文》惑星, 星；天体；天球；地球［天球］儀；天球層.

━━[動](他)

1 …を球の中に入れる.

2 …を球状にする.

3 …を天（体の間）に置く.

［中英語. 原義「星や惑星を中に含む丸い天空」←古フランス語espereまたはラテン語sphaera「球体」. △HEMISPHERE］

scope

  

音節

scope

発音

skóup

レベル

大学入試程度

scopeの変化形

scopes (複数形) • scoping (現在分詞) • scopes (三人称単数現在)

[名][U]
1 （能力・理解・応用などの）範囲，限界((of ...))；視野

a report of broad scope
広範囲にわたる報告

a mind of wide [limited] scope
視野の広い［狭い］人

within [in] the scope of ...
…の範囲内で

enlarge [widen, broaden] one's scope of action
活動範囲を広げる

It is beyond [outside] the scope of a child's understanding.
子供の理解の範囲を越える.

2 （活動・考えなどのための）余地，機会，自由，はけ口((for ...))；（…する）機会((to do))

find scope
活動の機会を得る

have free scope for one's activities
活動する十分な余地がある

seek scope for one's energy
精力のはけ口を求める

There won't be any scope for me to use this computer.
このコンピュータを使う機会はないだろう.

3 [C]（空間の）広さ，広がり；長さ

the great scope of the plain below
下に見える平原の広大な広がり.

4 スコープ：microscope, periscopeなどの短縮形.

━━[動](他)((米俗・古風))品定めをする((out, on)).

［イタリア語←ギリシャ語skopós（的）. ラテン語specere（見る）と同系. △SPECIES］

act

noun

• 1a thing done; a deed:a criminal actthe act of writing down one’s thoughtsan act of heroism
•  (Acts or Acts of the Apostles) a New Testament book immediately following the Gospels and relating the history of the early Church.

• 2 [in singular] a pretence:she was putting on an act and laughing a lot
•  [with adjective or noun modifier] a particular type of behaviour or routine:he did his Sir Galahad act

• 3 (usually Act or Act of Parliament) a written law passed by Parliament, Congress, etc.:the 1989 Children Act
•  a document attesting a legal transaction.
•  (acts) dated the recorded decisions or proceedings of a committee or an academic body.

• 4a main division of a play, ballet, or opera:the first act
•  a set performance:her one-woman poetry act
•  a performing group:an act called the Apple Blossom Sisters

spare

[動](他)

1 〈人・物などを〉なしで済ます, 手放す；［spare A B/spare B for A］〈A（人・目的など）のためにB（物・時間など）を〉さく, 分けてやる；とっておく

spare some time for study
勉強の時間を少し残しておく

He could not be spared yesterday.
きのうは彼がどうしても必要だった

Can you spare me a minute？
少し時間をいただけますか；少し席をはずしてもよいですか.

2 ［III[名]（[副]）］〈人に〉（苦労などを）かけさせない((from ...))；［IV[名][名]］〈人に〉〈不快な経験を〉味わせない

Spare him (from) the bother.
彼にそんなめんどうをかけるな

I was spared that humiliation.
そういう恥をかかずに済んだ.

3 ((ふつう否定文))〈費用・労力などを〉使い惜しみする, 倹約する；〈言葉・行動などを〉控える

spare no expense ［effort］
費用［努力］を惜しまない

spare a person the trouble of doing
人に…する手間を省く

Don't spare the dressing on my salad.
サラダにドレッシングをたっぷりかけて

He doesn't spare himself.
骨惜しみしない人だ.

4 〈人などを〉容赦する, の命を助ける, に危害を加えないでおく, 思いやりを示す

spare one's enemy
敵を見のがしてやる

spare a person's feelings
人の気持ちを傷つけないようにする

spare her blushes
((英))彼女を赤面させないようにする

Spare me ［my life］.
命だけは助けてくれ.

━━(自)

1 〈人が〉けちけちする, 倹約する.

2 〈人が〉危害を加えない, 情を示す.

3 ⇒SPARING

... and to spare

あり余るほどの….

to spare

好きに使える, 余分の

I haven't an instant to spare.
暇な時間は一刻たりともありません.

━━[形]（spar・er, spar・est）

1 〈物が〉予備の, とっておきの；〈席などが〉あいている；〈時間・金などが〉余分の

spare change
（人にあげられる）小銭

spare money
余分な［自由に使える］金

a spare room
（客のための）あいている部屋

a spare wheel
予備の車輪

spare time
ひまな時間.

2 ((文))〈生活などが〉質素な, 切り詰めた；〈言葉・表現などが〉（豊かさに）乏しい

spare furnishings
貧弱な家具.

3 ((文))〈人・体格などが〉やせた, ほっそりした.

drive a person spare

((英略式))〈人を〉怒らせる.

go spare

((英略式))腹を立てる, 取り乱す, めんくらう.

━━[名]

1 予備の物, 非常用品；スペアキー；予備タイヤ；((英))((しばしば〜s))予備の部品(spare parts).

2 《ボウリング》スペア（2回の投球でピンを全部倒すこと）；その得点.

modest

 

音節

mod • est

発音

mɑ'dist | mɔ'd-

レベル

大学入試程度

[形]

1 ((ほめて))〈人が〉（…に関して）控えめな, けんそんした, 遠慮がちな((about ...))（⇒HUMBLE[類語]）；（要求・望みなどの点で）多く望まない, 適度の, 穏当な((in ...))

be modest about oneself
自分の功績を誇らない

The union was modest in its wage demands.
その組合の賃上げ要求は穏当だった.

2 地味な, 質素な

a modest house
質素な住まい.

3 〈事・物が〉（規模・数量などに関して）限られた, あまり大きく［多く］ない, 並みの, まあまあの

a modest increase in salary
ささやかな昇給

a modest quantity of uranium
少量のウラニウム.

4 〈特に女性（の言動・服装など）が〉慎みのある, つつましい, しとやかな, 品のよい.

［ラテン語modestus （modus尺度＋-tus形容詞語尾＝尺度に合った→穏やかな）. △MODICUM, MODULATE］