habit, parliament, ingrained, (tough-) (cross-) grained

habit ：習慣；習性：習慣成自然，逐漸變為第二天性。好習慣稱為德行，壞習慣稱為毛病。拉丁文稱作 habitus 。

(hăb'ĭt)
n.

1. 1. A recurrent, often unconscious pattern of behavior that is acquired through frequent repetition.
   2. An established disposition of the mind or character.
2. Customary manner or practice: a person of ascetic habits.
3. An addiction, especially to a narcotic drug.
4. Physical constitution.
5. Characteristic appearance, form, or manner of growth, especially of a plant or crystal.
A distinctive dress or costume, especially of a religious order.

habit, religious ：會衣：修會會士的制服。

A riding habit.

tr.v., -it·ed, -it·ing, -its.
To clothe; dress.

[Middle English, clothing, from Old French, clothing, behavior, custom, from Latin habitus, from past participle of habēre, to have.]

SYNONYMS habit, practice, custom, usage, use, wont, habitude. These nouns denote patterns of behavior established by continual repetition. Habit applies to a behavior or practice so ingrained that it is often done without conscious thought: "Habit rules the unreflecting herd" (William Wordsworth). Practice denotes an often chosen pattern of individual or group behavior: "You will find it a very good practice always to verify your references, sir" (Martin Joseph Routh). Custom is behavior as established by long practice and especially by accepted conventions: "No written law has ever been more binding than unwritten custom supported by popular opinion" (Carrie Chapman Catt). Usage refers to an accepted standard for a group that regulates individual behavior: "laws ... corrected, altered, and amended by acts of parliament and common usage" (William Blackstone). Use and wont are terms for customary and distinctive practice: "situations where the use and wont of their fathers no longer meet their necessities" (J.A. Froude). Habitude refers to an individual's behaving in a certain way rather than a specific act: "His real habitude gave life and grace/To appertainings and to ornament" (Shakespeare).

parliament

(pär'lə-mənt)
n.

1. A national representative body having supreme legislative powers within the state.
2. Parliament The national legislature of various countries, especially that of the United Kingdom, made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

[Middle English, a meeting about national concerns, from Old French parlement, from parler, to talk. See parley.]

ingrained[in・grained]

• レベル：社会人必須
• 発音記号[ingréind]
• 
  

[形]

1 〈偏見・迷信・気性・習慣などが〉深くしみ込んだ；根深い；生得の, 生まれつきの

an ingrained habit
身についた習慣

ingrained prejudice
根深い偏見.

2 〈よごれが〉糸［繊維］の中までしみ込んだ.

in・grain・ed・ly〔inréinidli, -réind-〕

[副]

grained[grained]

• 発音記号[gréind]
• 
  

[形]

1 ((通例複合語))粒が…の

coarse-grained salt
あら塩.

2 木目［石目］のある, 木目塗りの.

3 粒状の, ざらざら［ぶつぶつ］した；〈獣皮が〉毛を抜いた.

4 ((通例複合語))性質［性分, 気質］が…の

a tough-grained writer
不屈の根性を持つ文筆家.

 

 

 

cross-grained	(adjective) Difficult to deal with.
Synonyms:	contrarious
Usage:	Gabriel Grub was an ill-conditioned, cross-grained, surly fellow—a morose and lonely man, who consorted with nobody but himself.