2012年9月18日 星期二

freedom of /freedom from, panegyric, Protected Speech,

 Bernard Porter attacked Empire in The London Review of Books as a "panegyric to British colonialism".[33] Ferguson in response to this drew Porter's attention to the conclusion of the book, where he writes: "No one would claim that the record of the British Empire was unblemished. On the contrary, I have tried to show how often it failed to live up to its own ideal of individual liberty, particularly in the early era of enslavement, transportation and the "ethnic cleansing" of indigenous peoples."




Essential social and political objectives described by Pres. Franklin Roosevelt in his State of the Union message in January 1941: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, and freedom from fear of physical aggression. He called for the last freedom to be achieved through a "worldwide reduction in armaments." In August 1941 he and Winston Churchill included the four freedoms in the Atlantic Charter.

New bottles for new wine Chatto & Windus, London; Harper N.Y. (1957); repr as Knowledge, morality, destiny. N.Y. (1960)
http://www.answers.com/julian%20huxley 195?年 在Oregon 大學 Charter Day的主題演講
先談 freedom of 和 freedom from....


 By 1791, when the First Amendment was ratified, the idea of "freedom of speech" was sufficiently entrenched that it became the primary language of the amendment, with "freedom of the press" being added to ensure that written and printed as well as oral communication was protected: "Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press." Still, the focus both in law and in political discussion at the time was on printed political argument, whether in newspapers or the kinds of tracts distributed by men like Thomas Paine.

 
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Clicking 'Like' on Facebook Is Not Protected Speech, Judge Rules

By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Exactly what a "like" means played a part in a case in Virginia involving six people who say Sheriff B. J. Roberts of Hampton fired them for supporting an opponent in his 2009 re-election bid.


panegyric (pan-i-JIR-ik, -JY-rik)

noun: A formal or elaborate oration in praise of someone or something; eulogy.

[名][U][C]((形 式))賞賛の辞[文];(人・物への)公式の賛辞, 顕彰の辞((on, upon ...)).Etymology
From Latin panegyricus, from Greek panegyrikos (of or for an assembly), from paneguris (public assembly), from pan- (all) + aguris (assembly, marketplace). Ultimately from the Indo-European root ger- (to gather) that is also the source of gregarious, aggregate, congregation, egregious, and segregate.

Usage
"Gov. George Pataki's 10th State of the State speech yesterday was more a panegyric to freedom and security than a rousing promise to fix what's clearly wrong with New York's government." — A Real State of New York; The New York Times; Jan 8, 2004.

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