sample, likelihood, randomly, involvement. randomised controlled trials

高雄市副市長李永得說：高雄藍色經濟議題甚至應該超越自由貿易示範區。

是的。台灣，應該先想能不能透過自己的努力與智慧，打造屬於自己的創新產業，這遠比只是想把自己放到區域經濟架構中和人家互動，來得更根本、更重要吧？

高雄，加油！做一個sample 給中央看看...。???
http://www.peoplenews.tw/news/e1feb5b1-6179-4f9b-9726-d9a7819a42d3

 The administration of President Barack Obama, worried about a collision in the sea or the air that could lead to confrontation, has asked both sides to cool the situation. At the same time, Washington has made clear that the mutual defense treaty between Japan and the United States would cover an attack on the islands, which could lead to U.S. military involvement.貝拉克·奧巴馬(Barack Obama)政府擔心海上或空中的衝突可能導致中日直接交鋒，已呼籲雙方保持冷靜。同時，華盛頓方面也明確表示，日美共同防禦條約也包括爭議島嶼受到襲擊的情況，這可能會導致美國採取軍事行動。


Randomised controlled trials are now catching on in economics, especially development economics. (Such a trial would involve, for instance, approving loans to a randomly chosen subset of loan applicants.) Two new books, Poor Economics and More Than Good Intentions, each by leading practitioners of randomised trials, explain the consequent discoveries.
隨機對照實驗如今在經濟學領域很流行，特別是發展經濟學。 （例如，這種實驗可能涉及批准向隨機選取的貸款申請者發放貸款。）兩本新書——《貧窮經濟學》(Poor Economics)和More Than Good Intentions的作者都是隨機實驗的領先實踐者，書中對隨後的發現進行了解釋。

Japan Seems Reluctant as Airline Seeks a Bailout

September 25, 2009, 2:59 am

Japan Airlines pleaded on Thursday for a government bailout, but the country’s new transport minister withheld support on concerns that the carrier’s cost-cutting plans would not go far enough.
Reuters reported that the request by the chief executive of Japan Airlines, Haruka Nishimatsu, for a capital injection from the government came as the carrier’s shares tumbled 16 percent to a record, hit by news reports that lenders might seek to break up the company and that it had asked for a bailout.
Japan Airlines, weighed down by $15 billion of debt and headed for its second consecutive annual loss, is being wooed by Delta Air Lines and a rival group led by American Airlines, which are offering capital in return for closer business ties.
Japan Airlines has been scrambling to put together a restructuring plan to submit to the government this month, a condition of a state guarantee on a billion-dollar loan earlier this year.
The likelihood of further state support has been thrown into doubt by a change in government in August that brought the Democratic Party to power, ending the rule of the Liberal Democratic Party, which had supported state help for the airline.
The transport minister, Seiji Maehara, met with Mr. Nishimatsu on Thursday. He reiterated that he did not want the airline to go bankrupt but said he was not ready to approve a request for the state to prop up the carrier by buying shares.
Mr. Maehara said he wanted to finish restructuring plans by the end of October.
Japan Airlines is seeking about $2.7 billion through a mixture of equity and debt to meet its financing needs through March. Bankers have said they will not lend more to the company unless there is deeper state involvement, either through loan guarantees or a capital increase.

sample

 Top 1000 frequently used words

Line breaks: sam¦ple

Pronunciation: /ˈsɑːmp(ə)l /

NOUN

• 1A small part or quantity intended to show what the whole is like:investigations involved analysing samples of handwriting
  

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• 1.1A small amount of a food or other commodity, especially one given to a prospective customer:samples of products for evaluationa free sample of chewing gum
  

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• 1.2A specimen taken for scientific testing or analysis:a urine sample
  

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• 1.3Statistics A portion drawn from a population, the study of which is intended to lead to statistical estimates of the attributes of the whole population:they shared these characteristics with other women in the samplea simple random sample of forty-five students
  

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• 2A sound or piece of music created by sampling:piano samples
  

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VERB

[WITH OBJECT]Back to top  

• 1Take a sample or samples of (something) for analysis:bone marrow cells were sampled
  

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• 1.1Try the qualities of (food or drink) by tasting it:it is a chance to sample probably the widest range of wines ever assembled
  

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• 1.2Get a representative experience of:sample some entertaining nights out in Liverpool
  

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• 2Electronics Ascertain the momentary value of (an analogue signal) many times a second so as to convert the signal to digital form:the input signal must be sampled at twice its highest frequency
  

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• 2.1Record or extract (a small piece of music or sound) digitally for reuse as part of a composition or song:riffs sampled from other musicians(as noun sampling) sampling is bringing older music to younger ears
  

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Origin

Middle English (as a noun): from an Anglo-Norman French variant of Old French essample 'example'. Current senses of the verb date from the mid 18th century.

likelihood
n.

1. The state of being probable; probability.
2. Something probable.

For a random sample x₁, x₂,...of observations on a discrete random variable X, the likelihood (a term coined by Sir Ronald Fisher in 1921) is proportional to the product of the probabilities of the individual values:

[名]
1 サンプル，見本，標本；実例；試供品(free sample)

get samples of the soil of the moon
月面土壌の標本を入手する

buy [sell] by sample(s)
見本で買う［売る］

come up to sample
見本どおりになる.

2 統計サンプル，（摘出）標本

a random sample
無作為標本

a representative sample
代表標本.

━━[形]見本の，標本の

a sample card
見本帳

a sample copy of the magazine
雑誌の現物見本

a sample fair
見本市.

━━[動](他)…の見本をとる；…の品質を見本でテスト［判断］する，…を試食［試飲］する；…を試す；…の見本［実例］を示す［となる］

sample the restaurants of the town
町のレストランを食べ歩く.

［古フランス語←ラテン語exemplum. △EXAMPLE］

involvement

 音節

in • volve • ment

発音

invɑ'lvmənt | -vɔ'lv-

involvementの変化形

involvements (複数形)

[名]

1 [U][C]（…との）かかわり合い, 関与, （…への）積極的参加((in, with ...))

It's the quality of involvement with a child that counts.
たいせつなのは子供とのふれ合いの質である.

2 [U]（…に対する）熱中, 情熱.