Foreign exchange reserves (Forex reserves), reserve (KEEP SEPARATE)

Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are only the foreign currency deposits and bonds held by central banks and monetary authorities. However, the term in popular usage commonly includes foreign exchange and gold, SDRs and IMF reserve positions. This broader figure is more readily available, but it is more accurately termed official international reserves or international reserves. These are assets of the central bank held in different reserve currencies, such as the dollar, euro and yen, and used to back its liabilities, e.g. the local currency issued, and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank, by the government or financial institutions.


外匯儲備的第一任務是維護國家利益﹐同時要考慮國際金融整體穩定。

Volume of foreign exchange reservesとは - 株用語 - 株グラフ

外貨準備高 国が輸入代金の決済や、借金の返済などの対外支払いに充てるために持つ、
公的な準備資産のことをいう。外貨準備高として計算される準備資産には、外貨・金・
SDR・IMFリザーブポジションの種類がある。景気の先行きや経済の前途を占うための ...

外匯存底（Foreign reserve sic）又稱外匯準備金，依法是由中央銀行保管，也因此「存底」二字，讓許多人反而誤解，指台灣經濟剩下多少錢可用。

簡單來說，外匯指的是外國的貨幣（現金、存款、支票、本票、匯票等）與可以兌換成貨幣的有價證券（公債、國庫券、股票、公司債等），不能直接在國內使用。國人取得外匯透過銀行結匯後可換成新台幣，央行收到的外匯就能累積為外匯存底。

另外，新台幣不在國際間流通，所以國人旅遊或企業的原物料進口都要使用外匯，外匯存底就是要支應這些需求。更重要的是，央行會保留一定額度的外匯存底，主要用於緊急時，可穩定和控制匯率，因應平時國內的外匯需求。

為了從事國際間的交易，國與國之間都必須保有外匯。外匯存底是國際支付工具的通貨，其貿易順差愈多者，該國所持有的外匯存底愈多，使國際收支產生更多盈餘。

外匯存底由４大成份比重而來

外匯存底每月七日由中央銀行對外發布最新數據，是台灣對外輸出所賺得的，為所有國民持有。其中包括：政府所持有的黃金、政府所持有的可兌換外幣、中央銀行資產負債表中的國外資金，以及全體金融機構資產負債表中的國外資產淨額

而中央銀行所持有的外匯存底，是以收存的「郵政儲金轉存款及銀行業轉存款」買入，買入外匯時就要付新台幣。若支付救經濟而動用外匯存底，等於是央行「再次」支出新台弊，恐造成央行負債大於資產，產生相當可怕的通貨膨脹。

央行同樣要支付利息。譬如發行國庫券、可轉讓定期存單與儲蓄券等，再加上收存幾千億的郵政存簿儲金和銀行轉存款，所孳生出來的鉅大利息，也都依賴外匯存底所得的利息來支應，助於達成穩定的金融政策目標。

Definition

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reserve (KEEP SEPARATE) Show phonetics
verb [T]
1 to keep something for a particular purpose or time:
I reserve Mondays for tidying my desk and answering letters.
These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies.
I reserve judgment on this issue (= I won't give an opinion on it now) until we have more information.

2 If you reserve something such as a seat on an aircraft or a table at a restaurant, you arrange for it to be kept for your use:
I reserved a double room at the Lamb Hotel.
[+ two objects] If you get there early, reserve me a seat/reserve a seat for me.

reservation Show phonetics
noun
1 [C or U] when you arrange to have something such as a seat on an aircraft or a table at a restaurant kept for you:
I'd like to make a table reservation for two people for 9 o'clock.
Please confirm your reservation in writing by Friday.
See also reservation.

2 [C] an area of land made available for a particular group of people to live in:
The family lives on a Native American reservation.

3 [C] (ALSO reserve, US ALSO preserve) an area of land in which wild animals are protected:
He's the chief warden of a big-game reservation.

reserve Show phonetics
noun
1 [C or U] when you keep something or a supply of something until it is needed, or a supply that you keep:
She keeps a little money in reserve (= for use if and when needed).
The librarian has put the book on reserve for me (= will keep it for me when it becomes available).
We still have a reserve of food/food reserves in case of emergency.

2 [C] (ALSO reservation, US ALSO preserve) an area of land kept in its natural state, especially for wild animals to live in to be protected:
a nature/game/wildlife reserve

3 [C] in sports, an extra player who is ready to play if needed:
We had two reserves in case anyone was injured.

the reserves plural noun
a group of people who are not permanently in the armed forces but are used only if needed:
They will call up the reserves.

reserved Show phonetics
adjective
May I sit here, or is this seat/table reserved?

reservist Show phonetics
noun [C]
a person who is trained as a soldier and is ready to fight in the army if needed