2024年4月16日 星期二

intentional fallacy, surmise. what happens next is unlikely to fill investors with glee


Markets are soaring. But that does not make it wise to rush out and buy stocks—what happens next is unlikely to fill investors with glee


single [male, masculine] rhyme
 男性韻, 単韻 ((行末の1強勢音節のみの押韻:例 eagleeyes, surmise)).

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1. on Page 7:
"... J. Youden, "The fallacy of the best two out of three," News Bulletin, National Bureau of Standards, vol. 33, 1949: p. 77. "Sets of ..."
2. on Page 47:
"... conditions in the country concerned before deciding what his sampling unit should be. Author's comment. The excerpt illustrates some common fallacies: (a) confusion of sampling errors with nonsampling errors; ..."


Definition

fallacy 
noun [C] FORMAL
an idea that a lot of people think is true but which is false:
[+ that] It is a common fallacy that women are worse drivers than men.

fallacious 
adjective FORMAL
not correct:
His argument is based on fallacious reasoning.

fallaciously 
adverb FORMAL

fallaciousness 
noun [U] FORMAL

intend
Show phonetics
verb [T]
to have as a plan or purpose:
[+ to infinitive] We intend to go to Australia next year.
Somehow I offended him, which wasn't what I'd intended.
[+ object + to infinitive] I don't think she intended me to hear the remark.
The course is intended for intermediate-level students.
It was intended as a compliment, honestly!

intent Show phonetics
noun [U] FORMAL
when you want and plan to do something:
I spent half the morning on the phone, which wasn't really my intent.
[+ to infinitive] It was not his intent to hurt anyone.
LEGAL She was charged with possessing weapons with intent to endanger life.

intention
Show phonetics
noun [C or U]
something that you want and plan to do:
[+ to infinitive] It wasn't my intention to exclude her from the list - I just forgot her.
I've no intention of changing my plans just to fit in with his.
He's full of good intentions, but he never does anything about them!

intentional Show phonetics
adjective
planned or intended: ━━ a. 計画的な, 故意の.
Did you leave his name out by accident or was it intentional?

intentional pass [walk] 【野】敬遠の四球. 四壞球保送

intentional fallacy, the name given by the American New Critics W. K. Wimsatt Jr and Monroe C. Beardsley to the widespread assumption that an author's declared or supposed intention in writing a work is the proper basis for deciding on the meaning and the value of that work. In their 1946 essay ‘The Intentional Fallacy’ (reprinted in Wimsatt's The Verbal Icon, 1954), these critics argue that a literary work, once published, belongs in the public realm of language, which gives it an objective existence distinct from the author's original idea of it: ‘The poem is not the critic's own and not the author's (it is detached from the author at birth and goes about the world beyond his power to intend about it or control it). The poem belongs to the public.’ Thus any information or surmise we may have about the author's intention cannot in itself determine the work's meaning or value, since it still has to be verified against the work itself. Many other critics have pointed to the unreliability of authors as witnesses to the meanings of their own works, which often have significances wider than their intentions in composing them: as D. H. Lawrence wrote in his Studies in Classic American Literature (1923), ‘Never trust the artist. Trust the tale.’
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms.

intentionally Show phonetics
adverb
I didn't ignore her intentionally - I just didn't recognize her.

-intentioned Show phonetics
suffix
I'm sure he's well-intentioned - he wouldn't mean any harm.

surmise

v., -mised, -mis·ing, -mis·es. v.tr.

To infer (something) without sufficiently conclusive evidence.

v.intr.

To make a guess or conjecture.

n.

An idea or opinion based on insufficiently conclusive evidence; a conjecture.

[Middle English surmisen, to accuse, from Old French surmise, feminine past participle of surmettre : sur-, sur- + mettre, to put (from Latin mittere).]



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